In the present work, we investigated the effect of light conversion using europium (Eu(III))-based photoconversion covers on the cultivation of agricultural plants and their resistance to stress conditions. Two types of europium nanoparticles were used. The first one was obtained from europium oxide (Eu2O3) by laser fragmentation. The second one was Eu3+:LaF3 nanocrystals obtained by hydrothermal-microwave treatment, the content of europium ions in which was 50% of the total amount of cations. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) were used as model plants. It was shown that plants grown under cover with Eu2O3 (PCC-Eu2O3) were 30–40% larger, gave a higher yield, and the activation of gas exchange processes and the light phase of photosynthesis in the leaves in response to the lighting was faster. On the contrary, plants grown under cover with Eu3+:LaF3 (PCC-Eu3+:LaF3) tended to slow down the rate of biomass accumulation and decrease the rate of gas exchange activation. It was shown that photoconversion covers change the resistance of plants to stress conditions: if plants grown under PCC-Eu2O3 became more sensitive to heat (+40 °C) and cold (+4 °C) treatment, then plants grown under PCC-Eu3+:LaF3 became more resistant to high and low temperatures. It was found that PCC-Eu2O3 inhibited the development of the phytopathogen Phytophthora infestans on tomato plants. It was assumed that changes in the illumination spectrum by the photoconversion covers cause both the activation of plant growth in the case of Eu2O3 and an increase in plant resistance in the case of Eu3+:LaF3 applications.
Introduction. The priority for the development of Russian society is the strengthening of Russian statehood. The strategic purpose defining the policy of successful functioning and development of the state becomes the preservation of the Russian people as a single holistic entity. The main condition for achieving the unification of multi-ethnic and multi-religious Russian society is the formation of Russian identity. At the same time, there is a need to solve the discussion question of the relationship between Russian identity and human identity, including whether Russian identity is nationality or citizenship. The purpose of the article is to examine the structure of public-civic identity as a social setup; In determining and analyzing mechanisms and methods of forming the value basis of Russian identity, its cognitive, emotional and behavioural components in terms of activity and cultural and historical approaches. Materials and Methods. Cultural-historical, activity and humanistic approaches, normative-value concept of social action and theory of social setting were used as theoretical and methodological basis for research of aspects of phomization of spiritual and moral basis of Russian identity. Results. To characterize the identity of citizens of the Russian Federation (Russian citizens), we use the concept of “Russian civil identity”. To characterize Russian nationality (Russians), we use the concept of “Russian civil identity”. This makes it possible to distinguish between “Russian civil identity” and “Russian national identity”. In the English-language version, these concepts are marked the same (Russian identity). Russian civil identity is considered as a social establishment of a citizen of the Russian Federation, the formation of which takes place through the formation of its components: cognitive, emotional and behavioural in social-useful and socio-cultural activities. The mechanism for forming the value basis of Russian identity is the process of interiorization by the person of spiritual and moral values in the course of education and self-education during immersion in social-useful and socio-cultural activities. Personality interiorization of the value basis of Russian identity occurs by transferring cultural code from generation to generation using an information method (cognitive mechanism); Emotional infection and identification with behavioral models of reference groups as a result of participation in socially useful and socio-cultural activities (emotional and behavioural mechanisms). Discussion and Conclusions. In the rapidly changing modern world, the role of public-civil identity as a factor consolidating society and strengthening statehood has increased. Since the State is a social institution created by citizens of the country in a single territory to ensure the State administration of the life of society, it is important to form a State-civil identity as the State is perceived by its citizens. In order to form and strengthen civil identity, the State needs, on the one hand, to create conditions for the population of the country to form a positive image of the State as a collective entity with spiritual and moral values as a priority. On the other hand, to create appropriate conditions for successful interiorization by the person of the value basis of Russian identity. Cognitive, emotional and behavioural self-identification of an individual with norms and values of a certain sociocultural environment, its cultural and spiritual code creates a single line of development of the country and its people.
Introduction. Values determine the direction of development of society, its strategic goals and public policy. The successful functioning and development of the state is possible when its traditional values are taken into account. In Russia in the XX–XXI centuries several times radically changed value paradigm. The strategic development of modern Russian society at a time when the interests, values and needs new to the Russian mentality come into conflict with the traditions, norms and rules established for centuries, requires a competent, scientifically sound approach to the system of formation of a person capable of bringing the country to the forefront in the period of globalization, hierarchy and fragmentation, resolving internal and external contradictions. In order to preserve the continuity of values from era to era, it is important to understand what the traditional basic values of Russian society are, how they evolved during the transition from one era to another, whether spiritual and moral values are a priority for Russians today. The purpose of the article is to identify and compare the priority values in different periods of development of Russian society – Imperial, Soviet and post-Soviet. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, personal-activity and philosophical approaches. The analysis of values used the results of studies of various sciences: philosophy, psychology, sociology, and economics. Methods of practical research of values were: questionnaire survey, content analysis of documents. Results. On the basis of the conducted socio-philosophical analysis of scientific literature and documents of the Imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet periods, as well as sociological research of values and goals of young people, the basic values of the individual of different stages of development of Russian society are identified, their continuity is traced, a new constructive look at the changes in the value sphere during the changing epochs is proposed. Discussion and Conclusions. The transformation of values from epoch to epoch has an evolutionary character. Christian precepts and community of the Imperial period in the Soviet period were transformed into socialist values which in the post-Soviet period underwent destruction. In the modern public consciousness there is an awareness of the importance of the revival of spiritual and moral values, there is an expansion of their content, taking into account the changing conditions of domestic and world dynamics of development. Along with spiritual and moral values, family values form the basis of the Russian mentality. The importance of the family, despite the change in its form from community to personal family, did not weaken even in critical periods of national history. For the formation of a person capable of being successful in various spheres of life, to become the driving force of future world achievements, it is necessary to improve the system of national education: to put traditional spiritual and moral values in its basis and to add values aimed at the realization of the potential of the individual. Keywords: spiritual and moral values, family, personality, era, period, Imperial, Soviet, post-Soviet.
In modern Russia, as a result of the moral degradation of society, the problem of moral choice of the individual became acute. In the implementation of life plans, the individual has a divergence of moral attitudes that exist in the sphere of unconsciousness, consciousness, and their manifestation in behavior. The period of early adulthood, 17-25 years, is characterized by the self-organization dynamics of internal factors that determine the main results of the period under the specific influence of the social environment, all these influences the choice of profession, the creation of a family, the development of the emotional sphere. In this regard, there is a need to study the peculiarities and dynamics of moral choice in the period of early adulthood in modern Russia. The methods of the research are theoretical analysis and generalization, questionnaires, participant observation, survey, methods of qualitative data analysis, and statistical data manipulation. The researches were carried out in 2007, 2010, and 2019 in Penza. The sample number was 244 people, 110 people, 101 male and female people aged 17-22. The research works have shown that the increase in the crisis in society, from 2007 to 2019, negatively influenced the manifestation of high principles, moral qualities, the respect of moral traditions, the process of the achievement of the goal, and the confidence in the implementation of life plans. However, it was the crisis that made it possible to choose in favor of psycho-protective traditional foundations, specifically moral ideals, and values.
The effect of coatings containing upconversion luminescent nanoparticles on the cultivation of Solanum lycopersicum has been studied. Sr0.76Ba0.20Yb0.02Er0.02F2.04 particles capable of converting infrared radiation into visible light (λem = 660 nm, 545 nm, and 525 nm) were used as the phosphor. It was shown that the cultivation of tomatoes under photoconversion coatings accelerated the adaptation of plants to ultraviolet radiation. A more efficient distribution of the energy of absorbed light between the processes of photosynthesis and thermal dissipation under upconversion coatings was revealed. As a result, plants grown under photoconversion coatings increased the number and total leaf area, stem length, and leaf chlorophyll content.
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