The article deals with the influence of the seeding depth of tubers and pre-sowing treatment methods on the formation of the assimilation surface of potato leaves in the southeastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The depth of planting of tubers and preplant preparation methods of tubers for planting have a direct impact on the formation of the assimilation surface of potato leaves on the leached chernozem of the south-eastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The future harvest of potatoes depends on the formation of the leaf surface. Indeed, during the entire growing season, the leaf surface of potato plants does not remain unchanged. It is the leaf surface that is the key element in the synthesis of organic substances, from which tubers are subsequently formed - the future harvest. Therefore, one of the main tasks is to conduct such agrotechnical techniques that can provide assimilation surface of potato leaves of optimal size. In order to get a potato crop of 40-45 tons per hectare, the required assimilation surface area of the leaves of potato plants should reach 40-50 thousand m2 per hectare, and in this case potato plants will provide themselves with nutrients, carbon dioxide and water. The formation of the assimilation surface of potato leaves is inextricably linked with the methods of preparing planting material, the prevailing weather conditions, as well as the level of mineral nutrition. The maximum leaf area was recorded in the flowering phase of potato plants. The leaves of the upper tier had the highest absorption capacity, since they were least shaded. Due to the fact that the leaves of the lower tiers form less organic matter in the process of photosynthesis, their growth and development is largely due to the influx of nutrients from the leaves of the upper tier. The incoming substances are quickly consumed by the leaves, as a result of which they quickly die off. In order to obtain a high yield of good quality, it is necessary to create conditions under which the leaf surface area reaches the optimal size as quickly as possible and remains as long as possible.
УДК631 .8 : 635.21 ДИНАМИКА ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПИТАНИЯ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ГЛУБИНЫ ПОСАДКИ КЛУБНЕЙ И РАСЧЕТНЫХ НОРМ УДОБРЕНИЙ Самаркин А.А., Мефодьев Г.А.Реферат. В статье рассматриваются вопросы влияния густоты посадки клубней и расчетных норм удобрений на динамику элементов питания картофеля в условиях юго-восточной части Волго-Вятской зоны. Густота посадки клубней и расчетные нормы удобрений оказывает непосредственное влияние на динамику элементов питания картофеля содержания и выноса элементов минерального питания растениями картофеля, на выщелоченных черноземах юго-восточной части Волго-Вятской зоны. На накопление элементов минерального питания заметное влияние также оказывают погодные условия, складывающиеся в течение вегетации растений картофеля. Картофель требовательна к почвенному плодородию. При хорошем урожае она потребляет и отчуждает из почвы большое количество питательных веществ. С увеличением густоты посадки клубней и расчетных норм удобрений соответственно увеличивается и вынос элементов минерального питания. Исследования показали, что максимально высокое содержание азота в почве наблюдалось в период начала вегетации растений картофеляв момент появления всходов. Максимальной концентрации фосфор достигал в фазы бутонизации и цветения картофеля. В ходе вегетации растений картофеля содержание обменного калия увеличивается и в фазу бутонизации достигает максимального значения. После цветения показатель калия в почве начал сокращаться и на момент уборки достиг минимального значения.Ключевые слова: картофель, калий, фосфор, азот, густота посадки, бутонизация, цветение. DYNAMICS OF POTATO NUTRIENTS DEPENDING ON THE SEEDING DEPTH OF TUBERS AND ESTIMATED NORMS OF FERTILIZERS Samarkin A.A., Mefodiev G.A. Abstract.The article discusses the impact of tuber planting density and fertilizer design norms on the dynamics of potato nutrients in the southeastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The density of planting tubers and the calculated norms of fertilizers have a direct impact on the dynamics of the nutritional elements of the potato content and removal of mineral nutrition elements by the potato plants on the leached chernozem of the south-eastern part of Volga-Vyatka zone. The accumulation of elements of mineral nutrition is also significantly influenced by the weather conditions formed during the growing season of potato plants. Potatoes are demanding on soil fertility. With a good harvest, it consumes and alienates a large amount of nutrients from the soil. With an increase in the density of planting tubers and the calculated norms of fertilizers, respectively, the removal of mineral nutrients also increases. Studies have shown that the highest nitrogen content in the soil was observed during the beginning of the growing season of potato plants -at the time of emergence. The maximum concentration of phosphorus reached in the phase of budding and flowering of potatoes. During the growing season of potato plants, the content of exchangeable potassium increases and reaches a maximum value in the budding phase. A...
Now triticale is referred to as a crop that is able to solve the problem of stabilizing the gross yield of cultivated feed and food grains around the world. Spring triticale in the Chuvash Republic is not cultivated in a small area and breeding for this crop is not conducted. The introduction of spring triticale in production is possible only when creating varieties that meet the soil and climatic conditions of the country. This problem can be solved only by selecting and creating the initial breeding material. The source material must be studied comprehensively. One of the important indicators in the evaluation of the source material may be the length of a coleoptile. The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of the length of the coleoptile and the depth of sowing of seeds on the yield of the source material of spring triticale. Presented studies conducted in 2017-2018. The varieties Ulyana, Rovnya, Khaykar, Saur and breeding lines 15-11-2, 15-48-11, 15-65-29 were evaluated. The short coleoptile had Rovnya and 15-11-2 line, the middle coleoptile had Ulyana, Saur and 15-65-29 line, the long coleoptile Khaykar and 15-48-11 line. The longest coleoptile was in 15-48-11 line, and the shortest - in 15-11-2 line. For forms with a short coleoptile with increasing sowing depth, field germination, plant safety, number of productive stems, productive bushiness, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, grain yield are significantly reduced. Their maximum manifestation in forms with an average coleoptile was found at a seeding depth of 5 cm. For forms with a long coleoptile, the seeding depth does not significantly affect the value of these indicators. For all the studied parameters with an increase in the depth of sowing, their dependence on the length of the coleoptile increases. High correlation is observed in field germination, plant safety, the number of productive stems, the mass of 1000 grains and yield.
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