Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common types of birth defect. Often newborn hearing screening is not performed for infants with congenital heart disease because of serious health problems at birth. Hearing loss in children with CHD may have late onset due to different stages of CHD treatment. The monitoring of the auditory function is required for early identification of hearing loss in children with CHD, however algorithm of follow-up assessment is not currently defined. Objective – estimation of prevalence, types and time of hearing loss onset in children with congenital heart disease and development a follow-up assessment for CHD children. Results. 148 children with congenital heart disease have been evaluated with auditory brainstem response testing, otoacoustic emissions, impedancemetry, behavioral hearing tests. The patients ranged in age from 7 days to 6 years. 55 children had hearing loss: 28 children with conductive hearing loss and 27 children with sensorineural hearing loss, 2 of them with auditory neuropathy. 6 children had late onset sensorineural hearing loss. The age of delayed hearing loss identification ranged from 4 months to 5 years. Conclusion. Children with CHD require long-term monitoring of the auditory function; an algorithm of follow-up assessment for children with congenital heart disease is proposed. Audiological assessment in children with CHD should include auditory brainstem response registration for auditory neuropathy identification.
Hearing loss is a common birth problem that can affect a babys ability to develop speech, language and social skills in lack of comprehensive early intervention. Early intervention occurring within the first 6 months has higher effectiveness for hearing impaired children. The introduction of universal newborn hearing screening programs allowed to identify hearing loss in the first months of life. That determines the need of immediate comprehensive early intervention for children identified with hearing loss. The main approaches of such intervention have been described in detail in the literature. However there are not well-developed, evidence-based, well-documented recommendations for family-centred early intervention for children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Similar problems are noted in many countries, that is why in 2012, within the framework of an international conference, specialists and parents of deaf and hard of hearing children developed a document (international consensus statement). The experts arrived at consensus on 10 principles guiding family-centred early intervention. These principles are presented in the article as well as a brief description of their implementation in various countries. The consensus statement has become an important document which is intended to provide a framework for professionals over the world. Knowledge of these principles allows specialists to apply evidence-based approaches working with children who are deaf of hard of hearing.
The high prevalence of hearing loss in children determines the need for reliable methods for the timely detection and diagnosis of hearing impairment at any age, starting from a birth. Otoacoustic emissions are widely used in hearing screening and audiological assessment as an objective tool for cochlear status evaluation. Over the past 30 years, their use in routine audiological assessments has increased significantly. Understanding the subtle processes that occur in the cochlea during the transmission of acoustic stimuli which generate otoacoustic emissions as well as knowledge about the registration parameters, otoacoustic emissions characteristics, otoacoustic emissions advantages and constraints are important for results analysis. Contemporary understanding of the occurrence of auditory sensations as well as the description of various types of otoacoustic emissions used in routine clinical practice (transient otoacoustic emissions and distorting product otoacoustic emissions) are presented in the review. The features of otoacoustic emissions using in pediatric practice are described: in newborns hearing screening, including the peculiarities of applying of this test for infants having had got their treatment in the intensive care units. Otoacoustic emissions significance for hearing diagnosis and as well as for ototoxicity monitoring is shown. Reliability, non-invasiveness, objectivity, simplicity of the otoacoustic emissions testing has done it one of the main methods both in hearing screening and diagnostics for children on any age.
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