The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of crisis of the meaning of life, its peculiarities, manifestations and consequences for life of the personality, as well as hardiness as a possible barrier to the acute and prolonged human experience of the crisis of the meaning of life (similarly to coping the stress and transforming it into the possibility of learning lessons from its passing and personal growth). It is noted that the crisis of the meaning of life is the most important event on the life path of the personality, it is experienced particularly acute, because of the power of influence on a person, his / her further life and the
Стаття пов’язана з аналізом розуміння феномену перфекціонізму в психології.Проаналізоване трактування перфекціонізму різними науковцями, його ознаки та види.Зроблено висновок, що перфекціонізм – виключно негативне явище, що проявляється у прагненні людини досягти об’єктивно недосяжних цілей для підтвердження власної виключності та досконалості, поєднаному з нищівною самокритикою у випадку невдачі; тоді як здоровий перфекціонізм – це не що інше, як зорієнтованість людини на саморозвиток, самоздійснення, оптимальну реалізацію своїх найліпших здібностей і потенцій.
У статті теоретично проаналізовано тлумачення у науковій літературі поняття, особливості та види мемів. Зазначається, що більшість людей у соціумі схильні розуміти поняття «мем» у вузькому значенні слова: не як ідею чи культурну інформацію, а як цікавий, впізнаваний, такий, що викликає позитивні емоції і супроводжується оригінальними асоціаціями і грою уяви контекст, – що відповідає визначенню Інтернет-мема і робить його мегапопулярним.
The article deals with the theoretical analysis of the interpretation of the spiritual crisis phenomenon in psychology and the empirical investigation of the peculiarities of spiritual crisis manifestation in adolescence.It is stated that it is worth talking about the availability of experiencing spiritual crisis by an individual, when he or she realizes, that moral values are lost, and spirituality gave way to material benefit.It is noted that the spiritual crisis, which in the technocratic informational era is partly experiencing by all humanity, is experiencing the situation of impossibility of realizing personal spiritual values in relationships with other people and the world, and because of their non-compliance to the societal or universal values, as well as the levelling of their significance for the person itself or the loss of the moral marks.In the conducted pilot study, according to the purpose of the article, the sample was comprised of students of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, future psychologists (n = 30), average age of the respondents -20 years. The following methods were used: «Diagnostics of a Spiritual Crisis», the test of hardiness of S. Maddi, the scale of tolerance / intolerance to ambiguity of S. Badner, the scale of «Psychological sapience» of H. Conte.It is revealed that the tendency to experience the spiritual crisis and increase of the intensity of existential vacuum are found by the students with not enough developed hardiness and its components (in particular, involving and challenge), who lack the tolerance in communicating with other people and the psychological wisdom in perceiving their own inner world, in the awareness of feelings and openness to their sensual experience.It is concluded that those scientists, who consider the experiencing of a spiritual crisis as a positive moment of human life, say about the spiritual development and self-disclosure of a personality as its result, while scientists, who perceive the spiritual crisis as a failure, a break in the life path, analyze its negative consequences and look for ways to overcome them.
The current views of scientists on the problem of forming a child’s relationship with others are analyzed in the article, the theoretical and empirical materials on the research problem are substantiated, as well as the impact of family relationships on the psycho-emotional state of a child. On the basis of modern research, the degree of influence of the nature of family relations on the psycho-emotional state of the child has been revealed. The authors consider the emotional component of family relationships as a leading component in determining their constructiveness, describe family relationships that affect the level of anxiety of preschool children. Based on the analysis of theoretical scientific sources, it has been suggested that children’s emotional development depended on the style of family upbringing used by parents in everyday interaction. The program of empirical study of the influence of types of family upbringing on the psycho-emotional development of a preschool child has been developed and implemented. According to the results of experimental research, the main styles of upbringing were clarified, among which authoritarian, hyperopic, and democratic were singled out. It is concluded that family upbringing styles determine the emotional state of a child. Applying the authoritarian style, parents do not take into account the human qualities of a child, the main thing is that he has to achieve the results by any means, including against emotional stability. The style of control makes the child constantly worry about the result of the activity. According to the results of the ascertaining research, an increased level of personal anxiety is observed in the upbringing of preschoolers for whom an authoritarian style is used. The democratic style of upbringing has a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state of a child.
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