This study investigates the effect produced by various types of cloudiness on the functioning of a photovoltaic system in the central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The electric power efficiency of the photovoltaic system under various cloudiness conditions was assessed using graphical interpretations, measuring and recording devices, as well as a description of the procedure for conducting experimental work. The average indicators of a decrease in the electric power efficiency of the photovoltaic system were determined using patterns for a certain type of cloudiness. A specific cloudiness type was identified by performing measurements and calculating illumination ranges, taking boundary conditions into account. These studies were carried out during the summer period of 2021 using the facilities of the mobile test site of the V.P. Larionov Institute of the Physical-Technical Problems of the North of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences located in the central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Control parameters of alterations in the generating capacity of the photovoltaic system were obtained for 10 types of cloudiness. The obtained parameters can be used when modeling operational processes and performing engineering calculations of the operating modes for solar power plants. According to the results, during the operation of photovoltaic systems under various types of cloudiness, the decrease in the generating capacity of the installation can vary within 8–95% relative to the generating capacity indicator under clear weather. The obtained indicators of alterations in the generating capacity of a photovoltaic system under various cloudiness conditions can be applied for developing a methodology for assessing the effect of cloudiness and its types on the carrying capacity of solar beams falling on the photovoltaic panel surface, as well as to more accurately determine the energy potential of solar generation in a certain area.
The possibility of installing photoelectrical solar units inside domical structures with the maintenance of their power generation level was investigated; an optimal distance between a photoelectrical solar unit and the transparent walls of the respective domical structure was determined. The experiments were carried out at the North-Eastern Federal University in the central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) by determining reduction in the electrical energy efficiency of photoelectrical solar units when changing their location. An optimal distance for installing such units within transparent domical structures was found based on graphical interpretations and gradients. The authors obtained reference parameters for light flux reduction, the generation power of a photoelectrical solar unit when changing the operation medium, and the optimal distance of a photoelectrical solar unit inside a domical structure for reducing the surface contamination of the unit. It was found that, when photoelectrical solar units are operated within a transparent domical structure, the power generation falls by 25.61% as compared to actual results in open space. It was found that an increase in the distance between the transparent walls of the domical structure and the unit led to a decrease in the power generation by ~23.01% and the light flux power by 5.224% at 1.5 m. This method of installing photoelectrical solar units can be used in the construction and designing of smart home systems and autonomous power generation facilities in northern regions of Russia.
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