Цель. Повышение эффективности лечения больных распространенным альвеококкозом печени применением современных хирургических технологий, включая трансплантационные. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ хирургического лечения 25 больных с распространенным альвеококкозом печени с 2008 по 2014 г. Операции выполнены 21 больному. Метастазы (отсевы) в легких диагностированы у 2. Длительная механическая желтуха была у 5 пациентов, портальная гипертензия-у 2. У 1 пациентки сопутствующий гепатит В привел к циррозу печени. Результаты. Хирургические вмешательства отличались большим объемом и включали резекцию печени in situ в 16 наблюдениях, ex situ-в 1, ортотопическую трансплантацию печени-в 3. При резекции печени врастание в нижнюю полую вену выявлено в 9 наблюдениях: 6 больным протезировали нижнюю полую вену армированными протезами из политетрафторэтилена, в 1 наблюдении-с пластикой устья левой печеночной вены, в 3с краевой резекцией. Резекция и реконструкция воротной вены выполнены 6 больным. В 9 наблюдениях выполнена резекция внепеченочных желчных протоков. Резекция правого купола диафрагмы выполнена 4 больным. Одному пациенту выполнена диагностическая лапаротомия. Всем больным после операции проводят противопаразитарную терапию. Отмечен 1 летальный исход, наступивший в послеоперационном периоде от полиорганной недостаточности. В течение 7 лет наблюдения рецидива заболевания не выявлено. Противопаразитарная терапия после трансплантации печени не потребовала коррекции иммуносупрессивной терапии. Заключение. Операции при альвеококкозе отличаются большим объемом в сочетании с реконструктивно-пластическими вмешательствами на магистральных сосудах и желчных протоках. Максимальное стремление к резекционной хирургии связано с потенциальной опасностью иммуносупрессивной терапии после трансплантации печени для прогрессирования заболевания, что оправдывает сложные резекции ex situ.
The aim of the study is to assess the possibility of using an original UHF (ultra-high frequency) coagulator with an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz to achieve hemostasis on the surfaces of parenchymatous organs.Materials and Methods. The coagulator represents a coaxial line loaded on the antenna in the form of a monofilar Archimedean spiral. A maximal input power was 300 W. Coagulator parameters were determined by the results of numerical simulation and laboratory tests at various loads. Coagulator work was studied on ovalbumin and liver parenchyma at various exposures. Biological tissue samples from the coagulation foci were histologically investigated.Results. A coagulation focus with the diameter equal to the applicator diameter (20 mm) is formed during 10 s exposure at the maximum input power level. Tissue coagulation sufficiently uniform in depth is observed in the focus area.Conclusion. The character of UHF field impact on the tissue does not depend on the degree of surface humidity. The impact area matches the diameter of the device working part allowing surgeons to plan the area of the appropriate exposure. The created complex is expected to find its application for hemostasis in parenchymatous hemorrhage.
Background: Aggressive course of liver alveococcosis makes it possible to designate it as a “parasitic liver cancer”. The main treatment method for the disease is surgery. The parasitic mass is resected according to R0 principles, with concomitant plastic surgery of the major vessels and bile ducts to increase resectability.Aim: To assess the potential of surgical treatment in patients with advanced liver alveococcosis using transplantation techniques.Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed in- and outpatient medical files of 62 subjects with confirmed liver alveococcosis, who had been treated in the Volga District Medical Centre (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) from 2008 to 2018. Thirty two (32) patients had advanced liver alveococcosis with involvement of afferent and efferent vasculature and biliary tract. Surgical procedures were used in 50/62 patients (or 4.2% of the total number of liver resections performed during this time interval, n = 1197). Complications occurred in 46% (23 / 50) of the cases. Twenty nine (29, or 58%) patients had been operated before (mostly cytoreductive resections and/or explorative laparotomies). Distant lung metastases were found in 2 (4%) patients.Results: Fifty (50) patients had curative surgical procedures: liver resections in 45, deceased donor orthotopic liver transplantations in 5. Most common were extensive liver resections (more than 4 segments). Resection and reconstruction of the main vessels were necessary in 50% (25 cases) of the patients, including v. cava inferior in 25 cases and the portal vein in 24 cases. In 31 patients, resection and reconstruction of extra-hepatic bile ducts was performed, and in 17 (33%) patients resections of the neighboring organs, such as diaphragm, lung, right adrenal, duodenum, stomach, and colon. In 4 cases, resections were performed ex situ ex vivo, followed by auto-transplantation, including 2 cases with reverse auto-transplantation of the left lateral sector to the right. The incidence of liver failure events grade A and B (by International Study Group of Liver Surgery, ISGLS) did not exceed 10% (4 patients). Complications were seen in 25 cases, including Clavien – Dindo Grade II in 5, Grade IIIb in 13, Grade IVb in 2, and Grade V in 5. The number of bile leakage events (ISGLS) class B was 6 and class C 10. All patients underwent obligatory adjuvant anti-parasitic therapy.Conclusion: At present, surgical treatment of liver alveococcosis remains a method of choice, that requires that the hepato-pancreato-biliary center would have in place a well-developed transplantation program, adequate equipment and well-trained surgical and anesthetic teams.
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