Within the framework of this study, the effect of nanoparticles of the essential trace element selenium stabilized by Polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP) C15 (8 ± 2 kDa) and ascorbic acid on the germination of barley seeds has been studied. Selenium nanoparticles stabilized by PVP C15 (8 ± 2 kDa) and ascorbic acid, characterized by a spherical shape, monodisperse size distribution, and a diameter of about 70 ± 5 nm, were obtained by the chemical reduction method. The experiment compared the effect of selenium nanoparticles and selenous acid on seed germination. The positive effect of preparation of selenium nanoparticles stabilized by PVP C15 (8 ± 2 kDa) and ascorbic acid on the length of roots and shoots, the number of roots, and the percentage of seed germination has been revealed. It was determined that the highest percentage of Hordeum vulgare L. culture seed germination was achieved using a preparation of selenium nanoparticles stabilized by PVP C15 (8 ± 2 kDa) and ascorbic acid at a concentration of of 4.65 µg/mL. Analysis of the results showed that selenium in the form of nanoparticles has an order of magnitude that is less toxic than in the form of selenous acid. The study of morphological and functional parameters during the germination of Hordeum vulgare L. seeds allowed us to conclude that selenium nanoparticles can be successfully used in agronomy and agriculture to provide plants with the essential microelement selenium, which is necessary for the normal growth and development of crops.

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The paper presents the results of studying the microstructure and elemental composition of multicomponent systems based on silicon, titanium and zirconium dioxides. These systems are of great practical interest for the medical, food, and microbiological industries due to their unique optical, photocatalytic, and bactericidal properties. Studies have shown that multicomponent systems based on silicon, titanium, and zirconium dioxides obtained by the solgel method have an amorphous structure, while the samples exhibit a deviation from stoichiometry towards an increase in the oxygen content, which is explained by the presence of oxo-, hydroxo-, and aqua complexes. The structure and shape of multicomponent oxide particles are determined by the component that prevails in the system. The presence of additional components and possible chemical interactions between them determines the process of nucleation, which, in turn, affects the polydispersity of the obtained samples.

Впервые в работе представлены результаты исследования влияния типа спиртовой среды на свойства высококонцентрированных золей наночастиц серебра. С помощью спектрофотометрии установлено наличие селективной полосы поглощения, обусловленной поверхностным плазмонным резонансом наночастиц серебра. Измерение дзета-потенциала показало, что вне зависимости от типа среды поверхность наночастиц серебра заряжена отрицательно. Обнаружено, что наиболее агрегативно устойчивые частицы, сохраняющие стабильность в концентрированных растворах хлорида натрия, получены в среде изопропилового спирта и характеризуются дзета-потенциалом, равным -99,8 мВ. For the first time, the paper presents the results of investigation the effect of the type of alcoholic medium on the properties of highly concentrated sols of silver nanoparticles. Spectrophotometry revealed the presence of a selective absorption band corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. Measurement of the zetta potential showed that, regardless of the type of medium, the surface of silver nanoparticles is negatively charged. It was found that the most aggregatively stable particles that retain stability even in concentrated sodium chloride solutions were obtained in isopropyl alcohol and are characterized by the zetta potential equal to -99,8 mV. Keywords: silver nanoparticles, optical properties, electroacoustic spectroscopy, zeta potential, nanoparticle stability.

Впервые с помощью компьютерного квантово-химического моделирования показана возможность формирования поликомпонентных систем SiO - FeO, SiO -MnO и SiO - CuO путем адсорбции на поверхности микросфер SiO металлоксидного слоя, состоящего из наночастиц диоксида марганца (IV), смешанного оксида железа или наночастиц оксида меди (II). По результатам сканирующей электронной микроскопии установлено, что формирование металлоксидного слоя в образце SiO - FeO произошло наиболее равномерно среди всех представленных образцов поликомпонентных систем. В рамках квантовохимического моделирования установлено, что наиболее энергетически выгодным и стабильным является взаимодействие SiO с наночастицами FeO . For the first time, in this work, the possibility of forming multicomponent SiO -FeO, SiO -MnO and SiO - CuO systems by adsorption of a metal oxide layer consisting of nanoparticles of manganese (IV) dioxide, mixed iron oxide or nanoparticles of copper (II) oxide on the surface of SiO microspheres has been shown by means of a computer quantum-chemical simulation. According to the results of the scanning electron microscopy, it was found that formation of a metal oxide layer in the SiO - FeO sample occurred most uniformly among all the presented samples of multicomponent systems. Within the framework of quantum-chemical simulation, it was found that the most energetically favorable and stable was the interaction of SiO with FeO nanoparticles.