The urgency of the issue is related to changes in the Ukrainian banks’ business environment, taking into account the impact of domestic and global financial instability and the implementation of the regulatory framework for banking regulation of the National Bank of Ukraine in accordance with the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision recommendations. The main goal of this research is to analyze the degree of implementation and compliance with the Basel III regulations in Ukrainian banking system. To carry out the research, regulatory and legislative documents of the National Bank of Ukraine, the Basel Accords, statistic data of the Ukrainian banks and the National Bank of Ukraine were used. For this purpose, the analysis of main indicators of Ukrainian banks’ financial stability within the period of 2014–2017 is made. Thus, post-crisis regulatory changes have aimed at restoring bank stability. The results seem to suggest that bank regulatory changes may be repressive, for instance, cleaning and optimization of the banking system as an effective tool for anticrisis management. As a result, it was concluded that banks with foreign capital are the most stable in the banking system of Ukraine in comparison with domestic banks.
The purpose of this study is to examine the current state and perspectives of noncash payments by using payment cards in Ukraine, Poland, Sweden, Romania and Hungary. The factors of transformation of the term "non-cash payments" into the term "payment system" are considered in the article. Methodology: The theoretical and practical database of the bank cards market is considered as an information base of the research. In the course of the research general, scientific, theoretical and empirical methods were used, among which are the following: analysis and generalization of literature on the research topic, methods of observation and comparison, structural methods, methods of coordination and formalization, graphical and tabular representation of data. The article presents trends in the development of new types of non-cash money, compares the development of the payment card market on a number of criteria and describes the main directions of modern use of payment cards for non-cash payments in the analyzed countries. The European Central Bank (ECB) data set, information from sites National Bank of Ukraine and Central banks of countries were collected for comparative economic research. The research findings show that changes of bank cards market greatly influence the development of non-cash payment in economy. The research findings show that changes in bank cards market greatly influence the development of non-cash payment in economy. The scientific significance of the work is that in article the issue of the factors of transformation of the non-cash settlement system into a payment system. The practical significance of the results is that in article shows in detail the ways to improve the Ukrainian market of bank cards using the experience of other EU countries. This article offers insights on the best European practice and challenges of on the bank cards market during 2015 -2019 years.
У статті досліджено наукову та періодичну літературу з питання обліку розрахунків з покупцями за останні двадцять років. Проаналізовано сутність поняття «розрахунки» та надано характеристику форм прояву розрахунків з покупцями за різними аспектами, в тому числі: економічному, бухгалтерському, податковому, банківському та юридичному. В системі розрахунків деталізовано форми прояву розрахунків з покупцями по перерахованим вище критеріям. Визначено, що формою прояву економічного аспекту розрахунків з покупцями є прибуток від продажу товарів і збиток по сумнівних боргах, бухгалтерського аспекту - виручка від реалізації та дебіторська заборгованість, податкового аспекту - податковий кредит і податок на прибуток, банківського аспекту - кредитування та банківські гарантії, юридичного аспекту - договори купівлі-продажу та агентські угоди. Розглянуто різні підходи до проблематики останніх публікацій з тематики розрахунків з покупцями та визначено коло питань, що досліджені достатньо широко та частково. Проведено ґрунтовний аналіз досліджень та здійснено систематизацію поглядів вчених і практиків з питань обліку розрахунків з покупцями. Розглянуті вище наукові та практичні публікації розподіллено по галузевій спрямованості дослідження на три групи: оптова торгівля, роздрібна торгівля, інші галузі. За сферами дослідження публікації систематизовано також на три групи: дебіторська заборгованість, розрахунки з покупцями, системи лояльності. Рекомендації щодо вдосконалення обліку розрахунків з покупцями, викладені в досліджуваних джерелах класифіковані по семи напрямках, в тому числі: класифікація, оцінка в бухгалтерському обліку, документальне оформлення та відображення у фінансовій звітності, відображення на рахунках бухгалтерського обліку, показники оборотності та їх аналіз, впровадження інформаційних технологій та Інтернет-технологій, а також оподаткування. На базі проведених досліджень проблемних питань бухгалтерського обліку розрахунків з покупцями в торгівлі окреслено п'ять напрямків, що вимагають подальших наукових досліджень.
Early stress tests, used primarily as risk management tools, date back as far as the 1990s. Programs conducted by the IMF, Bank of England, Dodd-Frank Act, Bank of Japan, Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority and the World Bank promoted the used of stress tests. The basic idea the introduction of stress testing was to ensure that banks have sufficient capital to cover their risks, and to ensure that banks and banking systems are more resilient to economic and financial shocks. This paper provides an overview of the recent implementation of stress testing by regulatory agencies in the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Switzerland and the European Union. This article also gives an overview of the stress testing methodology developed by the National Bank of Ukraine and in accordance with Basel III recommendations. The aim of research is comparative evaluation of key aspects of system-wide stress tests in different finance systems: Euro area, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Japan, the United States and Ukraine, identifying identification of similarities and differences and prospects for the development in our country. To substantiate the theoretical positions and reasoning of the conclusions general scientific methods are used, including system, abstract-logical approach, as well as methods of formalization, analysis and synthesis of information, comparative analysis. During the study, a comparative analysis of the stress-testing methodology in six countries was conducted. The scientific importance of the work lies in the fact that on the basis of the conducted research it is possible to improve stress-testing of Ukrainian banking system based on best practices from developed countries. The value of the research is that it is increasingly necessary to used best practices of stress tests as a powerful tool in risk management, in micro prudential and macroprudential policies. Results of researches can to used not only in development methodology of stress-testing, but also in case-study of banking.
The purpose of this study is to determine the development trends of the major determinants of the bank card market in eight countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the period from 2010 to 2019. Continuing a study carried out in 2018, further comparative analysis of the “Bank Cards Market Index” proposed earlier and based on a system of interrelated indicators of bank payment cards, ATMs and POS‑terminals, was carried out. We provide an overview of the rankings of Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Russia, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia using international ranking systems such as “The Legatum Prosperity Index,” “Doing Business,” “The Index of Economic Freedom,” and the “Вank Cards Market Index.” Further studies of three international ranking systems, as well as the “Bank Cards Market Index,” again confirmed the similarity of the development models of the bank card market in Poland and Ukraine. To study the impact of the digitalization of economics and Covid–19 on the bank card market, a deeper analysis of two cases (Poland and Ukraine, as two similar bank card markets) was carried out using the “Digital Evolution Index.” In the course of the research, it was concluded that the “Вank Cards Market Index” can be successfully used for further research of the banking sector of different countries. Also, the growth trend of cashless payments in the bank card market and the possible transformation of the market under the influence of Covid–19, and the global digitalization of economics were noticed. Taking into account the above trend, further studies of the system of interrelated indicators of bank payment cards, ATMs, and POS terminals should be carried out using the “Digital Evolution Index” or other international indexes that characterize the level of digitalization of the economy in the researched countries.
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