The authors make a case that oat selection should have profound focus in the regions with profound contrasting weather conditions such as Western Siberia is. The adaptive variety has environmental plasticity and combines stable high productivity with grain quality. The researchers study a set of varieties of oats under the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region according to the parameters of environmental adaptability, estimated on the basis of protein concentration pro a unit of land. The experimental part of the work was carried out during 2013-2018 on the experimental fields of Omsk Research Agricultural Centre (Southern Forest Steppe, Omsk). The protein concentration in the oat grains was determined according to the Pleshkov’s method. On average, the protein concentration in chaffy oat and Hulless oat didn’t vary significantly and was equal to 408.8 and 407.4 kg/ha, respectively. Protein concentration standard of Tarsky 2, Uran, Fakel and Sibirskiy Gerkules varieties exceeded the average by 14.1-71.5 kg/ha. The authors estimated the following adaptability parameters: stress resistance (Ymin-Ymax) and compensatory capacity (Ymin+Ymax)/2 according to Rossielle, Hemblin method; ecological plasticity coefficient (O) – according to Baransky methodics; variation coefficient (V) and equation coefficient (B) – according to Armor; the level of variety stability - according to Nettevich method; coefficient of responsiveness to favorable conditions of cultivation (Kr) - by Zykin; environmental plasticity index (EPI) – by Gryaznov; coefficient of adaptability (CA) - by Zhivotkov. A comprehensive assessment of spring oats varieties, taking into account a smaller number of ranks, identified the varieties, most adapted to high protein concentration in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region: a standard chaffy variety Orion, Uran (total ranks were 37 and 36), as well as the standard of hulless oat group which is Sibirskiy golozernyy (total ranks are 72).
Among spring grain crops, oats are one of the main crops in Siberia. Taking into account climatic factors and production demands, breeding for increased productivity and adaptability to local natural and climatic factors, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses appears to be currently relevant. This is a key factor for a permanent increase in both yield and quality of agricultural products. The aim of the study is to determine the group of adaptive oat varieties by the content of crude fat in grain for introduction into production and inclusion in breeding programs. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk Region during 2013-2018. The indicator of the range of crude fat content according to V.A. Zykin (d), index of ecological plasticity according to D.I. Baranskiy (O), homeostaticity according to V.V. Khangildin (Hоm), an indicator of intensity according to R.A. Udachin (I), the relative stability of the trait N.A. Sobolev (St²), an indicator of the level of stability of the variety according to E.D. Nettevich (PUSS) were calculated. The final assessment of adaptability was based on the sum of the ranks. The minimum range of crude fat content was observed in varieties Irtysh 23 and Fakel (d = 1.87 and 2.97%). Cultivars Irtysh 23, Tarsky 2, Fakel, Sibirskiy Hercules and Sibirskiy golozerny differed in plasticity (O = 6.4–13.6) and homeostaticity (Hom = 0.82). The variety Irtysh 13 (Hom = 0.23) was also homeostatic. The stability of the trait according to N.A. Sobolev characterized all varieties (St² = 0.94–0.99), according to E.D. Nettevich – Irtysh 13, Irtysh 23, Pamyati Bogachkova and Fakel (PUSS = 193.4-305.5%). Having an assortment of estimated indicators of adaptive parameters, it is advisable to apply the ranking and conduct the final assessment according to the sum of the ranks received by each variety. The varieties Irtysh 23 and Fakel (∑ ranks = 23 and 25) and Sibirskiy Holozerny (∑ ranks = 26) are the most adaptive in terms of the content of crude fat in grain for the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.
Adaptibility, plasticity, stability and stress resistance of the oats variety are seen as significant for obtaining stable oat yields with high grain quality. The research aims at assessment of the adaptive capacities of oat varieties selected at Omsk Agricultural Research Centre. The assessment was carried out by means of statistical parameters calculated on the basis of protein concentration in the grain. The experiment was conducted in 2011-2016 on the experimental fields of Omsk Agricultural Research Centre which is located in the southern forest-steppe of Omsk. Protein concentration in the oat grains averaged 11.2% in chaffy varieties and 16.2% in huskless varieties. Following S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell assessment, such varieties as Orion, Irtysh 13, Irtysh 21, Irtysh 23, Tarskiy 2, Fakel and Sibirskiy Gerkules combined high stability and response to better environmental conditions. Sibirskiy golozernyy, Progress, Skakun and Levsha varieties are characterized as varieties that responded to the conditions of cultivation (following S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell the coefficient of linear regression was 1.06 ÷ 1.72; according to V.A. Dragavtsev the coefficient of multiplicity varied from 2.05 to 2.60). The authors observed high resistant varieties (-1.60 ÷ -2.47) as Pamyati Bogachkova, Irtysh 13, Irtysh 23, Tarskiy 2, Skakun and Irtysh 21. Levsha, Sibirskiy golosernyy and Progress varieties were characterized by high degree of correspondence between environmental factors and genotype (according to A.A. Rossielle and J. Hemblin, compensatory capacity was 15.02 ÷ 16.32). Levsha, Sibirskiy golozernyy and Progress varieties refer to plasticity varieties (according to A.A. Gryaznov) and the index of environmental plasticity was 1.26 ÷ 1.36; Levsha, Sibirskiy golozernyy and Progress varieties refer to adaptive varieties (according to A.A. Zhivotkov) and their index of adaptivity varied from 126 to 136%. The authors recommend to include glumiferous varieties Sibirskiy golozernyy, Progress, Levsha, Irtysh 23, Orion, Tarskiy 2 (rank sum is 29.0 ÷ 40.0) and huskless variety Levsha (rank sum is 47.0) into the selection and breeding programs and cultivating them in Western Siberia.
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