We propose a short review paper on the mainly adopted techniques for the production of metal nanoparticles in industrial and laboratory scale. The methods are grouped according to the wellknown classification in bottom-up and top-down schemes, with a particular emphasis on the operating conditions specifically adopted. Namely, some aspects concerning the experimental setup, the choice of precursors and reactants and the relevant technical advantages/limitations of the methods are discussed and compared in light of the most recent issues in matter of metal nanoparticles synthesis
The necessity of studying the Moon as an important source of nuclear fuel for nuclear power plants is considered. The work takes into account the geomorphological conditions of the celestial body and the basic biological needs of man. Of particular interest is the problem of fruit and vegetable production on the lunar base. This is necessary to provide the inhabitants of the lunar base with vitamins. In addition, plants convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and create an additional comfortable psychological environment. Experiments carried out in space have confirmed the possibility of growing fruit on the International Space Station (the harvest was more than 15 kg of tomatoes and 6 kg of red pepper). Taking into account the experimental results on growing vegetables on the International Space Station, a simulation of the structure of the lunar base was carried out. The strength and resistance of the structure to various influences have been calculated. Areas for planting agricultural crops have been determined, a possible harvest has been determined and the improvement of conditions for human habitation at the lunar base has been substantiated.
One of the negative factors that affects human health is dust. Particularly high dust exposure in megacities. There are no unambiguous approaches to solving this problem. A lot depends on the geographical location of the metropolis. Therefore, for each city, it is necessary to conduct personal research on the situation with the formation of dust from various objects in the climatic conditions of the city. In addition, the composition of urban dust is complex, which depends on many factors. In the study, it is necessary to determine the main sources of dust and the possibility of reducing their activity. It is also necessary to establish the nature of the medium (e.g. dispersion system, etc.) in which dust is present. An important point is the chemical composition of the dust. It is especially important to know about the presence of dangerous chemical elements or radioactive particles in it. The paper shows that wind flows on the one hand contribute to reducing the level of dust, on the other hand, when it is polluted, they sharply worsen the environmental situation. In modern cities, a decrease in green spaces, especially trees, is planned. This fact also needs to be considered as one of the options for reducing dust load. Special attention should be paid to the methods of rapid monitoring of the air environment in real time. Their use will help in time to take the necessary measures to block dust sources.
Recently, interest has grown in plasma-activated media (PAM) and, in particular, plasma-activated water (PAW) in connection with their extensive applications in medicine, pharmacology, agriculture and the food industry. In this paper, we studied the processes of production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in distilled water under the influence of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) generated by a source, based on the use of a piezotrans former. The first results obtained in the study of the UV absorbance spectra in distilled water treated with a direct piezo-discharge showed not only the dependence of the RONS production on the exposure time, but also the long lifetime of these RONS in the treated liquid.
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