Belаrusian National Technical University, 2016Реферат. Проанализированы основные причины, приведшие к закрытию целого ряда промышленных объектов на территории Республики Беларусь и большинства государств бывшего СССР. Выполнен анализ конструктивных ре-шений, номенклатуры несущих и ограждающих конструкций неэксплуатируемых промышленных зданий и сооруже-ний, который позволил сделать вывод, что подавляющее большинство их составляют производственные здания и сооружения, выполненные из сборных и монолитных железобетонных конструкций. Учитывая, что большинство неэксплуатируемых промышленных зданий и сооружений расположены в промышленных зонах, удаленных от жи-лой застройки и имеющих развитую инфраструктуру (автомобильные дороги, железнодорожные пути, сети комму-никаций и др.), затраты на создание которой, как правило, превышают стоимость вновь возводимых производствен-ных зданий и сооружений, сделано заключение о целесообразности использования существующих промышленных зон. Сформулирована основная задача, решение которой позволит вновь использовать существующие промышлен-ные зоны с расположенными в них неэксплуатируемыми промышленными объектами. С учетом выполненного ана-лиза технологии выполнения работ по ликвидации производственных зданий выявлена целесообразность сноса объ-ектов способом механического разрушения. Экономическая эффективность применения способа механического раз-рушения для сноса производственных зданий из сборных и монолитных конструкций проиллюстрирована на приведенном в статье проекте производства работ на ликвидацию указанным способом строений цеха по производству извести ОАО «Березовский КСИ». Предлагаемая технология по механическому разрушению железобетонных конструк-ций базируется на применении гусеничного экскаватора для сноса зданий марки Doosan S340LC-VSDM, использование которого позволяет обеспечить полную безопасность производства работ.Ключевые слова: неэксплуатируемые промышленные здания (сооружения), ликвидация здания (сооружения), де-монтаж объекта, снос объекта, комплект машин
Field studies of panel buildings have shown that after 30 years of operation, the technical condition of structural elements (embedded parts, welds, etc.) are in working condition. At the same time, the thermal characteristics of the external wall fencing have decreased by more than 30 % compared to those adopted during the design and do not meet regulatory requirements. One of the main reasons for this is the destruction of the material of the thermal insulation layer of wall panels under the influence of atmospheric influences. Consequently, the thermal rehabilitation of external wall panels allows for further operation of panel buildings without restrictions. According to the results of the studies carried out, it is proposed to use a factory-made thermal insulation cladding plate for thermal rehabilitation of the facades of operated panel buildings. The publication presents the results of laboratory studies on the choice of an effective solution for the design of the conection (joint) of individual thermal insulation plate into a thermal insulation facing plate of the required dimensions. The technology of manufacturing thermal insulation facing plates is described. The main advantages of the proposed structural and technological solution for the thermal rehabilitation of external wall panels are: a significant reduction in manual technological processes on the construction site; the possibility of performing work without eviction of residents; eliminating the appearance of cold bridges in the inter-panel seams during the operation of buildings through the use of a folding type joint.
The recommended option for rehabilitation of operated combined insulated rolled roofs allows to reduce the cost of measures to ensure safe working conditions. The article proposes a construction solution similar to an inverted roof. In the proposed solution, the role of a vapor barrier is played by the repaired layers of the existing waterproofing layer to which the insulation board has been attached.
Combined insulated rolled roofs, all layers of which are sequentially laid on the supporting structure and covered with a waterproof carpet, make up more than 80 % of the roofs of residential and public buildings in operation and under construction. Such a significant number of structures with a combined roll roofing in the Republic of Belarus is due to the fact that in the early 70s of the last century, a program for the development of prefabricated housing was launched in the Soviet Union. As practice has shown, after three to five years of operation, the combined insulated roll roofs needed current repairs – to eliminate leaks. The repair basically boiled down to the gluing of additional layers of rolled waterproofing material in the areas of roof leaks. Field studies have allowed us to establish the reasons why, in less than 10–12 years of operation, the combined insulated rolled roofs need major repairs. The analysis of the results of field studies has shown that the main factor affecting the failure of the roof is the high humidity of the insulation material. The main reason for moistening the material of the thermal insulation layer during the operation of the roof is the destruction of the vapor barrier layer. Based on the results of the performed field studies and regulatory documents of the Republic of Belarus, the authors of the publication offer a constructive solution and technology of work for the rehabilitation of operated combined insulated rolled roofs. The mainadvantages of the proposed solution are: provision of any thermal resistance to heat transfer of the combined coating without dismantling the structural elements of the existing roof; use of PVC membranes as a water-insulating carpet, which will allow to eliminate roof leaks within 20 years of operation without additional costs.
Introduction. Resistance to heat transfer is considered the main criterion of energy operational efficiency in the design of enclosing structures of buildings and structures. Therefore, the calculation of the values of the normalized resistance to heat transfer, for each locality of the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the actual outdoor temperatures and the duration of the heating season is an urgent task. Materials and methods. To assess the energy efficiency of enclosing structures, the value of annual heat losses Q, kWh/m2, through 1 m2 of the structure was adopted. The calculation of the values of the normalized heat transfer resistance for each locality of the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the actual outdoor air temperatures and the duration of the heating season, was carried out according to the method recommended by V.G. Gagarin. A comparative analysis of the results obtained according to the methods recommended by TCP 45-2.04-196-2010* and SP 50.13330.2012 is carried out. Results. The calculations determine the values of the normalized heat transfer resistance for each locality of the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the actual outdoor air temperatures during the heating period and the duration of the heating season. To facilitate the design of insulated walls, a map of the recommended (calculated) values of the heat transfer resistance of the external walls of residential buildings for the territory of the Republic of Belarus is constructed. Conclusions. According to the results of the performed studies, it was found that the economic efficiency in the design of insulated walls according to the method recommended by TCP 45-2.04-196-2010*, depending on the region of the Republic of Belarus for which the design is being carried out, is on average from 6 to 8 BYN per 1 m2 of insulated wall.
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