Currently, there is a scientific and practical deficit in new methods of integrated technological and design solutions based on improving the properties of concrete as the primary material that perceives compressive loads, and its joint work with various types of reinforcing rods. A new system using an integrated engineering approach to the design of building structures is proposed, which involves minimizing their cost and weight through numerical simulations and an experimental verification of the operation of reinforcing bars made of various materials in concrete of various densities. The control of the bearing capacity of reinforced building structures on the example of compressed elements is proposed to be carried out using the developed recipe-technological methods at the manufacturing stage. The economic and environmental efficiency of nano modification with the help of production waste and the use of lightweight dispersion-reinforced concrete to obtain such structures was revealed. The most effective concrete formulations showed strength gains ranging from 10% to 34%. Ultimately, this led to an increase in the bearing capacity of the elements up to 30%. The application of such an integrated lean approach will allow saving up to 20% of resources during construction.
The growth in the volume of modern construction and the manufacture of reinforced concrete structures (RCSs) presents the goal of reducing the cost of building materials without compromising structures and opens questions about the use of environmentally friendly natural raw materials as a local or full replacement of traditional mineral components. This can also solve the actual problem of disposal of unclaimed agricultural waste, the features of which may be of interest to the construction industry. This research aimed to analyze the influence of preparation factors on concrete features with partial substitution of coarse aggregate (CA) with rubber tree (RT) seed shells and to determine the optimal composition that can make it possible to attain concrete with improved strength features. CA was replaced by volume with RT seed shells in an amount from 2% to 16% in 2% increments. Scanning electronic microscopy was employed to investigate the structure of the obtained concrete examples. The maximum increase in strength features was observed when replacing coarse filler with 4% RT seed shell by volume and amounted to, for compressive and axial compressive strength (CS) and tensile and axial tensile strength (TS) in twisting, 6% and 8%, respectively. The decrease in strain features under axial compression and under axial tension was 6% and 5%, respectively. The modulus of elasticity increased to 7%. The microstructure of hardened concrete samples with partial replacement of CA with RT seed shells in the amount of 2%, 4% and 6% was the densest with the least amount of pores and microcracks in comparison with the structure of the sample of the control composition, as well as samples with the replacement of CA with RT seed shells in an amount of more than 6%. The expedient effective replacement of CA with RT shells led to a reduction in battered stone of up to 8%.
A hypothesis was put forward that a nano-modifying additive of micro silica, which had a beneficial effect on achieving a perfect structure of heavy concrete, can also be effectively used in lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete. The nano-modifying additives of micro silica application in manufacturing lightweight fiber reinforced concrete products and structures can significantly enchain their strength characteristics without increasing their mass and consequently improve their design characteristics. The purpose of the work was to increase the structural quality coefficients for all types of strengths of lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete due to its modification with micro silica. The effect of nano-modifying additives of micro silica on the strength characteristics of lightweight fiber reinforced concrete was studied. The optimal amount of micro silica addition was experimentally confirmed and established of 10% of the cement mass. The coefficients of constructive quality for all experimentally determined strength characteristics of lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete modified with micro silica additives were calculated. The coefficient of constructive quality for tensile strength in bending of lightweight fiber reinforced concrete with additives was two and a half times higher than that of heavy concrete without additives and up to 37% higher than that of lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete without additives.
The interest in using polymer-dispersed reinforcement in the construction industry in the context of sustainability has led to significant research on this scientific problem. The article is devoted to studying the processes of fiber interaction depending on its dispersion and the concrete matrix, and their combined contact work during the formation of a concrete structure, work under stresses arising in a concrete body, and during a collapse. The physical and mechanical processes of deformation and destruction of the “matrix–fiber” system were studied using high-precision microscopic equipment, and the nature of the work and deformation of fibers in concrete were revealed. The work aimed to establish and characterize the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the concrete matrix and dispersion-reinforcing fiber combined work. It was established that the best values of the adhesion index were observed at a volume content of fiber in the amount of 2% by weight of cement, regardless of the type of dispersion-reinforcing fiber. It was shown that the microstructure of polydispersion-reinforced fiber-cement specimens was denser, and microcracks formed during fracture in polydispersion-reinforced specimens had a smaller opening width. It was established that polydispersion-reinforced concrete had higher values of strength (up to 126%) and deformation (up to 296%) characteristics compared to monodispersion fiber-reinforced concrete.
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