The aim of the study was to study the morphological adaptation of the epithelium of rumen papillae under the influence of age-related changes in the type of nutrition. The research was conducted on the material taken from the slaughteries of the Stavropol territory from 60 heads of black-and-white cattle of six age groups: newborns (1, 3, 7 days), 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 18 months, 3-5 years. Histological and immunohistochemical methods (marker of proliferating cells Ki-67) and morphometric methods were used. It was established that the thickness of epithelial ridges of interstitial zones significantly increases from birth to six months of age by 1.64 times and from eighteen months of age to 3-5 years by 12%. The thickness of the epithelium above the papillae of the mucosal lamina proper remains stable. With age, the ratio of the thickness of the epithelium above connective tissue papillae of the mucosal plate to the thickness of epithelial ridges of the interstitial zones decreases twice: from 81.42% in newborns to 41.69 % in lactating cows 3-5 years old. The thickness of the surface layer of the papillary epithelium of the scar changes in waves with the maximum values of this indicator in newborns at the age of 1 day (10.01±0.19 microns) and in animals of eighteen months of age (9.96±0.57 microns). High proliferative activity of basal epithelial cells is observed in the first day after birth (64.8 %), significantly decreases from three to seven days of age (32.7 %), there is a significant decrease in this indicator also at six (23.9 %) and eighteen months (15.6 %), and then it remains stable.
The aim of the research was to study pathomorphological changes in the testicles of goats in acute anaplasmosis. Diagnosis of anaplasmosis in sick goats was carried out taking into account the characteristic clinical signs and studies of peripheral blood smears. Blood smears after fixation in alcohol ether were stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa by hematoxilin and eosin. For histological examination, pieces of testicles and appendages of testicles of 0.5 cm thick were selected, which were fixed in an 8% neutral aqueous solution of formalin. The resulting material was poured into paraffin according to the generally accepted method. Histological sections of 5-8 microns thick were made from the obtained paraffin blocks and stained with hematoxilin and eosin using the method of Van Gieson and Mallory. Micro photos were made with a series of rendered images on the basis of Olimpus 2000. The study revealed the following changes: the spermatogenic epithelium has desquamation, in the lumen of the convoluted seminiferous, there were tubules protein detritus, exfoliated cells of seminiferous epithelium and macrophages. Sertolli cells were in a state of vacuole dystrophy and necrosis. In the interstitial tissue around arterial vessels and convoluted seminiferous tubules, focal accumulation of lymphoid-macrophage infiltration was found. Endocrine cells located in the interstitial were in a state of vacuole dystrophy and necrosis. Thus, in goats older than 6 months with acute anaplasmosis in the testicles, pathomorphological changes are characteristic of acute parenchymal orchitis.
The study was conducted on 60 heads of black-and-white cattle of six age groups: 1 day, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 18 months and cows 4-5 years old. Injection, morphological and morphometric methods were used. It was found that the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the honeycomb bag has typical links. The diameter of arterioles in the first-order ridges increases by 30.5% during the study period, but significant changes are observed only between the age groups of 3 months – 6 months, 6 months-18 months, these differences are 8.3% and 10.7%, respectively. In the capillary link, significant changes are observed between the age groups of 6 months-18 months and 18 months-4-5 years, which is 10.0% and 24.8%, respectively. In the link of postcapillary venules, the diameter of the vessels during the study period increases by 16.9%. In the link of collecting venules, significant changes (p≤0.01) in the diameter of vessels were observed between the age groups of 3-6 months and 6-18 months, which is 22.9% and 8.2%, respectively. In lactating cows (4-5 years old), in addition to wide capillaries, we found postcapillary venules with a diameter of 14.80 to 27.20 µ in the papillae of the lamina mucosa propria.
In domestic animals in postnatal ontogenesis, statistically significant changes in the number of α-endocrinocytes and the values of their nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the endocrine islets of pancreas have been revealed, which reflects the species and age-related dynamic processes of its morphofunctional development in animals. In cattle and small cattle (sheep), pigs, dogs and cats, two critical periods of postnatal development of the pancreas have been identified. The first critical period is observed from the birth to the age of three months. It is associated with an alimentary factor: the transition from a dairy diet to roughage, which leads to a decrease in the values of morphometric indicators of the pancreas and the restructuring of the functional work of the organ as a whole. The second critical period is registered in animals during puberty, that is, at 6 months of age, which is associated with the release of hormonal inducers aimed primarily at the implementation of physiological changes in the body.
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