Thirty-four cefotaxime-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates representative of the isolates that caused outbreaks of gastroenteritis in 10 hospitals in seven regions of Russia and Belarus from 1994 to 2003 were analyzed. All isolates produced the CTX-M-5-like extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase, which confers high-level resistance to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone and decreased susceptibility to ceftazidime. The bla CTX-M genes were located on small (7.4-to 12-kb) non-self-transferable plasmids approximately 20 bp downstream of the ISEcp1 insertion sequences. Some isolates carried additional conjugative plasmids mediating resistance to penicillin-inhibitor combinations and various non-␤-lactam agents, including tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, tobramycin, and co-trimoxazole. Despite the minor differences in susceptibility patterns, all isolates were considered clonally related on the basis of arbitrarily primed PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. The similarities of the restriction profiles of the CTX-M-coding plasmids further supported the clonal origin of these isolates.

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реферат Актуальность исследования. Сложность своевременной диагностики инфекционных процессов в суставе связана с отсутствием специфических диагностических критериев и патогномоничных лабораторных тестов. В связи с этим представляется актуальной разработка нового высокочувствительного и доступного теста для ранней и дифференциальной диагностики бактериальной этиологии патологического процесса в суставе.Цель исследования -изучить аналитические характеристики и диагностические возможности определения концентрации D-лактата в синовиальной жидкости для ранней диагностики бактериальных артритов и перипротезной инфекции суставов.Материал и методы. Основная группа пациентов (n = 86) была составлена из двух подгрупп -пациентов с перипротезной инфекцией (ППИ) (n = 58) и пациентов с бактериальными артритами (БА) (n = 28). Контрольная группа (n = 104) также была составлена из двух подгрупп -пациентов с асептической нестабильностью компонентов эндопротезов (АН) (n = 75) и пациентов с остеоартрозами (ОА) (n = 29).Результаты. у пациентов с нативными и протезированными суставами оптимальный уровень пороговой концентрации D-лактата, позволяющий дифференцировать септическую этиологию артритов от асептической, составил 1,2 ммоль/л. у пациентов с БА средняя концентрация D-лактата в синовиальной жидкости была значимо выше в сравнении с группой пациентов с ОА (2,28 и 0,54 ммоль/л соответственно, p<0,0001). В группе пациентов с ППИ средняя концентрация D-лактата в синовиальной жидкости была также статистически значимо выше в сравнении с группой пациентов с АН (2,37 и 0,60 ммоль/л соответственно, p<0,0001). у пациентов с нативными суставами метод определения D-лактата в синовиальной жидкости имел большую чувствительность (92,8%) в сравнении с определением количества лейкоцитов/мкл СЖ (66,8%) и процентным содержанием нейтрофилов (44,4%). Данный метод также показал большую чувствительность для диагностики ППИ (96,5%, 89,6% и 60,3%, соответственно). Статистически значимой разницы концентраций D-лактата, продуцируемого различными штаммами микроорганизмов, обнаружено не было.Выводы. Исследование показало высокие аналитические характеристики и диагностические возможности метода определения концентрации D-лактата в синовиальной жидкости нативных и протезированных суставов. Методика предполагает выполнение теста в течение одного часа и применима также в амбулаторно-поликлиническом звене.Ключевые слова: диагностика перипротезной инфекции, D-лактат, синовиальная жидкость.abstract Infection of native and prosthetic joints remains a critical disease, associated with both significant mortality and morbidity. The diagnosis of joints infection is extremely difficult since presentation and preoperative tests are not always obvious and precise, while correct and timely diagnosis of septic etiology is crucial. In this case a rapid and accurate test would be helpful.Purpose of the study -тo evaluate the analytical performance and diagnostic capabilities of measuring the synovial fluid D-lactate for early diagnosis of infection in native and prosthetic jo...

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Cytomegalovirus plays an essential role in human pathology. Primary infection usually occurs in childhood and subsequently, a lifelong latency is formed which the virus replicates by evading the immune response. In recent years, more and more researchers have concluded that cytomegalovirus reactivation may occur in critically ill patients. Despite the available evidence, data on reactivation in this group of patients are limited by the relatively small sample size, the variety of patient groups studied, the differences in study methodology, and the variability in reported results, which excludes the possibility of summarizing the results.This study aimed to determine the frequency of reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection in critically ill patients and to identify its main clinical features.Materials and methods. The study included 118 critically ill patients with severe bacterial and viral-bacterial infections accompanied by multiple organ dysfunction. Cytomegalovirus reactivation was determined by the detection of DNA in combination with the presence of IgG.Results. Reactivation was detected in 36.4% of cases. Frequency and terms of reactivation in blood and sputum as well as trends of viral load changes in dynamics were shown. The main clinical features of reactivation in different pathologies (sepsis of bacterial etiology, COVID-19, non-septic critical patients) were noted. HCMV DNA was more frequently detected in the blood of septic patients (44.8%) compared with COVID-19 (13.0%, p<0.05) and non-septic critically ill patients (19.2%, p<0.05). COVID-19 was characterized not only by lower detection of HCMV DNA in the blood but also by the lowest viral loads (p<0.05). HCMV DNA in sputum was detected comparably frequently in sepsis (38.1%) and COVID-19 (33.3%), but the highest viral loads were characteristic of patients with sepsis (p<0.05).

Objectives. To study Toxoplasma gondii as a factor of carcinogenic processes progression at the molecular-genetic level in an intermediate host. Material and methods. In the experiment, the expression of the proto-oncogenes survivin (BIRC5), epidermal growth factor (ErbB-2/HER2-Neu), GLI, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-oncogene TP53 was determined in comparison with the reference genes - β-actin (ACTB) and GAPDH by means of PCR analysis in the tissues of animals with C6 tumor in situ infected with toxoplasma in different doses. A statistical comparison was made between the data of the experimental groups, depending on the dose of infection and the stage of the parasite development. Results. It has been revealed that toxoplasma can cause an increase in the expression of survivin (BIRC5), VEGF, ErbB-2/HER2-Neu, GLI in the tumors, lungs, liver, spleen, brain, both when invaded at a dose of 25 toxoplasma tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight (5000 tachyzoites per female) and when infected at a dose of 50 toxoplasma tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight (10000 tachyzoites per female). The degree of an increased expression of proto-oncogenes is directly dependent on the dose and stage of the parasite development. Infection of female rats having glioma with toxoplasma tachyzoites leads to a decrease in the expression of the anti-oncogene TP53 in the tissues of glioma, the lungs, liver, spleen, and brain of female rats. The decrease in the expression of TP53 depends on the dose of infection and the stage of toxoplasma development. Conclusions. Experimental toxoplasmosis causes an increase in the expression of BIRC5, ErbB-2/HER2-Neu, GLI, VEGF and a decrease in the expression of the anti-oncogene TP53, which can lead to the development of aggressive blastomogenic processes in mammalian tissues.

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