Microsatellites – a separate class of molecular genetic markers, are widely used for the study of genetic variability, in particular in populations of animals bred by artificial selection under the influence of microevolutionary processes. The object of study is the gene pool of a population of animals of the Lebedyn cattle breed, which is under threat of extinction. The sample comprised 30 individuals from the farm "Komyshans'ke" in Sumy region. The analysis of population genetic structure was performed using 10 microsatellite loci recommended by FAO-ISAG: ETH225, BM2113, ETH3, BM1818, BM1824, ILSTS006, INRA023, TAGLA053, TAGLA12, ETH10. Amplification products were separated in polyacrylamide gels of different concentrations (5–8%), both native and denaturing. All studied loci were polymorphic. The number of detected alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 8 (on average 5 alleles per locus), the size of which ranged from 115 bp (ETH3) to 307 bp (ILSTS006). The majority of the investigated loci (except ETH3) belonged to valuable informative markers (PIC > 0.5). The most polymorphic TGLA053 (8 alleles), BM2113 (6) and ETH3 (6) loci have been identified. In general, the minimum number of alleles (4) was fixed in 50% loci. The main population genetic parameters for the studied loci have been calculated. The highest values of heterozygosity (He), and effective number of alleles (ne) was characterized for loci BM2113, ILSTS006, TGLA053 and ETH225. With the exception of ETH3 and VM1818 loci, the experimental group of animals is in a state of genetic equilibrium. The average value of the Wright fixation index indicates a tendency to increase in the number of homozygous individuals (inbreeding). Comparative analysis of genetic structure of breeds that have a common origin (Lebedyn (PJSC "Mykhaylivka"), Ukrainian grey (DPDG "Polyvanivka"), Red steppe (DPPR "Stepne"), etc.) has been carried out. The obtained results give grounds to assert that in the experimental population of the Lebedyn breed there are processes that lead to a decrease in genetic diversity. In order to overcome the negative effects of artificial reproduction in the gene pool of small populations of cattle, which include Lebedyn cattle, it is appropriate to use microsatellite markers in the selection and breeding work.
The aim of research was to analyze the contents of somatic cells (SC) in goat milk in the East of Ukraine, level of SC translocation in the process of milking, speed of SC evacuation in their secret, to conduct monitoring and ranging on the level of SC goat milk of herds in the Eastern region during 2015 seasonally. Somatic cell count was studied on a large number of animals in different zones of the East of Ukraine (1800 milk samples). Somatic cell count in goat milk of the Eastern region of Ukraine appears up to 800×10³ cells/ml at 65-71% of studied milk samples by the method of laser-running cytometry with the account of only those cells having DNA in the nucleus. While analyze of SC subpopulations in goat milk it is shown that at increase to 2 million cells/ml and more the concentration of neutrophils and lymphocytes does not change and the number of macrophages and eosinophils (р≤0,05) rises from 1,5 to 4 times accordingly. It is marked that SC contents in goat milk in the morning and evening yield of milk is different. In evening yield of milk, the somatic cell count is up to 30 % higher than in the morning one. A clear pattern of distribution of somatic cells in milk portions during milking was not detected. Average sample of yield is required to determine the somatic cell count in the milk of goats. Six of the eight goats over six months of lactation were given milk with a fairly constant somatic cell count. Low and fairly constant somatic cells content (15 to 63 × 103 cells / ml) is observed in the milk of primiparous goats.
ВПЛИВ РОЗВИТКУ ЛІНІЙНИХ ОЗНАК ЕКСТЕР'ЄРУ, ЯКІ ХАРАКТЕРИЗУЮТЬ СТАН РОЗВИТКУ ТУЛУБА, НА ЖИТТЄЗДАТНІСТЬКОРІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ БУРОЇ МОЛОЧНОЇ ПОРОДИ В. І. ЛАДИКА, Л. М. ХМЕЛЬНИЧИЙ, С. Л. ХМЕЛЬНИЧИЙ Сумський національний аграрний університет (Суми, Україна) khmelnychy@ukr.net В аспекті пошуку предикторів щодо довголіття тварин молочної худоби досліджено залежність тривалості життя корів української бурої молочної породи від показників описових ознак екстер'єрного типу. Вивчали лінійні ознаки екстер'єру корів-первісток, які характеризують стан розвитку тулуба. Встановлена співвідносна залежність тривалості життя корів від оцінки описових ознак з різною мінливістю у межах дев'ятибальної шкали кожної конкретної статі будови тіла. Найвищою тривалістю життя характеризувались тварини оцінені у 7-9 балів за шириною грудей, глибиною тулуба, кутастістю та шириною заду. Дослідження ознаки нахилу заду засвідчило криволінійний характер зв'язку між оцінками за цією ознакою і тривалістю життя корів. Корови з оптимальною оцінкою статі у п'ять балів відрізнялися найвищою тривалістю життя -2796 днів, тоді як із підвищенням та зниженням оцінок кількість днів життя корів зменшувалася. За оцінкою вгодованості встановлено, що худорляві тварини живуть і використовуються значно довше. Різниця між максимальною (дев'ять балів) та мінімальною (один бал) оцінками склала 457 днів (Р < 0,001). Ключові слова: українська бура молочна порода, лінійні ознаки типу, тривалість життя In the aspect of search of predictors concerning longevity of animals of dairy cattle the dependence of cow's longevity of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed on indicators of descriptive conformation type traits has been investigated. The linear conformation type traits of the first-calf cows that characterize the state of body development were studied. The correlation dependence of cow's longevity was determined on the assessment of descriptive type traits with varying variability within the ninepoint scale of each specific type trait of the body structure. The highest longevity was characterized by animals estimated at 7-9 scores for: chest width, body depth, angularity and rear width. Studies of the rump angle trait testified to the curvilinear nature of relationship between the estimates on this trait and cow's longevity. Cows with an optimal five score were characterized by a high longevity of 2.796 days, while with an increasing and decreasing in estimates, the number of cow's days of life decreased. According to the estimation of body condition score, it was found that thin animals live and are used significantly longer. The difference between the maximum (9 scores) and the minimum (1 score) estimates was 457 days (P < 0.001).
In the conditions of industrial complex the annual dynamics of microclimate parameters in the premises for growing piglets depending on their mass in the section for ventilation system of uniform pressure was studied. It was found that the microclimate parameters varied depending on the live weight of animals in the technological section throughout the year. In summer the room air temperature was above recommended norms and the relative humidity was within its limits. The average air velocity in the room was on the verge of minimum permissible norms for summer and was dependent on the location of the machine in the section and increased with increasing age of piglets. The carbon dioxide content was within the maximum allowable concentration until piglets reached 49 days of age, and in the older age groups exceeded the MPC by 0.02-0.06% / vol. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide content did not exceed the MPC and had a clear tendency to raise its concentration with increasing age of piglets. In winter and transitional seasons, the indoor air temperature complied with recommended standards. Inside air humidity of the room was at the upper limit for piglets of this technological group, and from the second half of growing season exceeded the recommended standards. The air velocity was within the normal range for relevant period and did not provide high-quality gas composition of the air. From the second to the seventh week, the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeded the MPC by 5-90% and increased with increasing piglet age. The concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the room air at all ages of growing season was within the MPC, but in the second half of rearing period, approaching its upper limit. In all seasons, except in summer, the supply and exhaust ventilation of uniform pressure provided the optimum temperature regime in the premises of pigsty with growing of piglets and satisfactory air content of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and its humidity. The concentration of carbon dioxide in all periods of the year, except summer, was higher than maximum permissible concentration. Key words: microclimate, piglets, growing, season, ventilation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.