Nowadays, there are many problems whose complexity is much higher than the capabilities of modern information technologies. Such problems arise in economics, ecology, managing state level infrastructures and global computer and telecommunication systems, ensuring the safety of society, and in many other fields. Even though these problems seem to be quite different, they have many com mon features, which imply common difficulties in their solution. These features are as follows: they are large scale problems, they are open, have unpredictable dynamics and complex structure, include mobile components, and some others. The management in such systems is a challenging task, which requires a revision of modern views, models, architectures, and development technologies. A response to this challenge is the increasing activity in the field of principles and mechanisms of self organization and in the software tools for their development. Although the paradigm of self organizing control sys tems is not new, it is now at a new step of development, which involves, in particular, its integration with the multiagent system paradigm. The purposes of this paper are to analyze the state of the art in the field of multiagent self organizing systems, to provide a critical review of the available applica tions, analyze development techniques, and generalize the results obtained in this field. The paper consists of two parts. In the first part, we discuss the modern interpretation of the principles of self organization is analyzed, and the reasons for which the integration of these principles with the achievements in the field of multiagent systems provides a new impetus to the development of infor mation technologies in the context of most complex modern applications. A systematization and description of the self organization models and mechanisms implemented in the framework of the multiagent architecture is given, and biological self organization mechanisms are discussed. Applica tions of self organizing multiagent systems in telecommunication, grid 1 resource management, and routing in computer networks with dynamic topology, as well as applications in distributed learning and in detecting intrusions into computer networks are described.
Major trends in the development of modern information technologies are to a large extend determined by important practical problems that arise in economics, ecology, safety of society and individuals, and in other fields. Even though these problems seem to be quite different and the require ments for their software implementation are also different, they have many common features, which imply the most stringent requirements for modern information technologies. These features were ana lyzed in the first part of the present paper. That analysis showed that the new requirements for the model and software implementation of such problems are best met by the multiagent self organizing system model. In this paper, we consider examples of using this model in various applications and describe their architectures and software implementation; in particular, multiagent self organization models as applied for flood forecasting and planning and operational enterprise management are described. New capabilities of multiagent self organizing systems are demonstrated using a self learn ing system for detecting intrusions into computer networks as an example. Here, the problem of self configuration of an overlay network is actually solved. The capabilities of a multiagent self organizing system in large scale control in real time are demonstrated using adaptive traffic control in large cities. For the software implementation of multiagent self organizing systems, special development tools that are different from the existing ones are needed because the conventional top down development par adigm is inappropriate for self organizing architectures. The cause is that the global behavior of a mul tiagent self organizing system emerges due to local interactions; therefore, it cannot be predicted in advance. For that reason, the bottom up development model is more appropriate for such systems. In this paper, we give a brief review of the models and approaches proposed for this purpose. One of the promising approaches based on the use of the so called self organization design patterns is described in more detail. Results of using the multiagent self organization model are discussed and prospects of its practical application are estimated.
The paper proposes conceptual model of a digital platform for cyber-physical management of modern enterprises in the upcoming era of Industry 5.0. Unlike Industry 4.0, which focuses on automation of physical processes, Industry 5.0 is oriented on digitization of knowledge and automation of reasoning processes for creating artificial intelligence that is able to manage enterprises. This still emerging era will be characterized by the vision of any business, including industrial production or logistics, as a complex adaptive system built on fundamental principles of self-organization and evolution, as well as interaction of artificial intelligence systems and humans. The paper shows that implementation of such production and logistics management systems will require development of new models and decision-making methods based on knowledge and semantic information processing, integration of computational and communication components, accumulation of big data and its processing for predictive analytics, blockchain technologies for fixing mutual obligations of systems components in the for m of smar t contracts, as well as human-machine and software inter faces. Existing approaches to creation of digital platforms within the digital economy of Industry 4.0 and their limitations are analyzed. The concept of digital ecosystem is developed as an open, distributed, self-organized "system of systems" of smart services capable of coming up with solutions and automatically resolving conflicts through negotiations and concessions. The concept of the digital platform within Industry 5.0 is described, which will be able to support functioning of the digital ecosystem of "smart services" of cyberphysical management of both individual objects and enterprises of humans and robots, and in the future, industries of such enterprises — implemented using self-organizing autonomous agents at all levels.
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