Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors. GBM represents >50% of primary tumors of the nervous system and ~20% of intracranial neoplasms. Standard treatment involves surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. However, the prognosis of GBM is usually poor, with a median survival of 15 months. Resistance of GBM to treatment can be explained by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) among the GBM cell population. At present, there are no effective therapeutic strategies for the elimination of CSCs. The present review examined the nature of human GBM therapeutic resistance and attempted to systematize and put forward novel approaches for a personalized therapy of GBM that not only destroys tumor tissue, but also regulates cellular signaling and the morphogenetic properties of CSCs. The CSCs are considered to be an informationally accessible living system, and the CSC proteome should be used as a target for therapy directed at suppressing clonal selection mechanisms and CSC generation, destroying CSC hierarchy, and disrupting the interaction of CSCs with their microenvironment and extracellular matrix. These objectives can be achieved through the use of biomedical cellular products.
(miR-21, miR-128, miR-326, miR-34a)
Множественная миелома (ММ)-злокачественная гематологическая опухоль из плазматических клеток. Микроокружение играет ключевую роль в выживании клеток ММ и их резистентности к лекарственным препаратам путем выделения растворимых факторов, повышения экспрессии молекул адгезии и высвобождения экзосом (ЭС). Роль, которую ЭС, секретируемые клетками MM, играют в межклеточных взаимодействиях и передаче сигнальной информации в костном мозге, в настоящее время неизвестна. ЭС как источник маркеров для диагностики ММ также не исследованы. Цель исследования-использование протеомного профилирования ЭС в качестве инструмента для идентификации маркеров опухолевого роста у пациентов с ММ. Результаты. Впервые изучен протеомный состав ЭС, полученных из плазмы крови пациентов с ММ и рассеянным склерозом. С помощью метода нано-высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии-тандемной масс-спектрометрии (нано-ВЭЖХ-МС/МС) идентифицированы в целом 332 белка в ЭС обеих групп больных и установлена близость их качественного состава. Впервые обнаружены 12 дифференциально экспрессированных белков, уровни которых значительно повышены в ЭС больных ММ, что позволило рассматривать их в качестве потенциальных маркеров заболевания. Заключение. Протеомный анализ ЭС, полученных из плазмы крови больных ММ, является важным методом для поиска маркеров заболевания.
Background. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) develops in the hypoxic microenvironment, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease and is closely associated with tumor growth, development and poor prognosis. Hypoxia increases the resistance of tumor cells (TC) to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, promotes the appearance of an aggressive TC phenotype, leading to the disease recurrence. The molecular mechanism of hypoxic action on the secretome of GBM cells, which is involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment, remains unclear. Also, markers of the aggressive hypoxia-associated phenotype of tumor cells have not been established. The purpose of research – to study the molecular mechanisms of the hypoxia-associated effect on the secretome of the U251 GBM cells.Materials and method. High resolution proteomic mass spectrometry, cell technologies.Results. A total of 1432 proteins were identified in the secretomes of two types of GBM cells (control and experiment). After the action of hypoxia, statistically significant changes in the expression of 390 proteins were registered. 11 proteins showed increase in expression over two orders of magnitude. The intracellular signaling pathways which are responsible for the hypoxia-associated effects on the U251 GMB cells have been identified.Conclusions. Hypoxia significantly affected the proteomic composition of the GBM cells secretome. Five overexpressed secretome proteins, S100A6, HEY1, ZIP3, S100A4, ZEB2, have been proposed as potential markers of the hypoxiaassociated phenotype of GBM, for which participation in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme has been previously showed.
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