The soil formation was studied in the 21 to 35 year old pine plantations created on the overbur den dumps of the Nazarovskaya Depression without applying the material of the humus horizon. The surface technogenic formations under the pine plantations belong to the group of naturfabricats (surface formations devoid of the humus horizon and composed of natural substrate). The morphological characteristics, bulk chemical and particle size compositions, and labile properties of the soils indicate that the accumulation and transformation of organic matter are dominant processes in the artificially planted forests. The accumulation of organic residues and destruction and humification are tightly related to the environmental conditions transformed by the technogenesis and conceal other processes forming the soil profiles. Quasizems created for agricultural production purposes were the objects of the study. They were formed by covering the techni cally planned overburden rocks with the material of humus layers. The thickness of the humus horizons of the quasizems varies greatly (25-64%); the variation of the humus reserves in them is 34-122%. Middle profile horizons have not been formed by the present time.
The structure and agrogenic transformation of organic substance in chernozems of Middle Siberia are considered (within Krasnoyarsk Krai, Khakassia and Tuva). The comparative-geographic, comparative-analytical and stationary observation methods are used in this work. These investigations are based on ideas of academician I.V. Tyurin, who had a Krasnoyarsk period in his creative work. All of the forms of humic compounds of chernozem type are presented in the studied soils. The mineralized (transformed) pool of organic matter in chernozems (19-28 t C/ha) is characterized by set of the plant residues, microbial biomass and a mobile humus. The entrance of plant residues into the soil of a graminae-fallow-hoed crop rotation makes 3.32 t C/ha per year, graminae-grass - 3.89 C/ha per year. The contribution of living roots reaches 40-70% of year stocks of the plant residues. The entrance of additional portions of "fresh" plant material with straw and green manure increases the mineralized pool of the organic matter and its decomposition intensity. The amount of microbial biomass in an arable layer of chernozems fluctuates from 1.5 to 3.0 t C/ha. The decomposition of plant residues occurs at k = 0.37-0.44. The share of a mobile humus (water- and alkaline-soluble compounds) as a part of the mineralized chernozems OM reaches 69-77%. The seasonal variability of mobile humus concentration is determined by the unequal rate of plants death, the entrance into the soil and decomposition of plant residues, different intensity of their transformation in neoformed humic substances. Losses of humus mobile compounds in soils of Krasnoyarsk Krai (0.23 t C/ha per year) contain about 7% of his expenses on the forming of net primary production and are compensated here by a neoformed humus at 91%, in soils of Khakassia - at 34%, Tuva - only at 16%.
The possibilities of using data of Earth remote sensing for the construction of a geomorphological profile for the purpose of agroecological assessment of soil cover patterns and subsequent land typification as a basis for the design of adaptive landscape agriculture in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are considered. The geomorphological profile illustrates the features of the relief and regularities in the distribution of soil structures with a certain set of agro-ecological conditions and limiting factors that determine the choice of agro-technologies and farming systems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.