Due to the evolution of modern technologies, first of all the internet, new business opportunities are emerging. Therefore, there is a need to find new forms of concluding contracts. To save time, more and more contracts are concluded in electronic form. In addition, in recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the use of electronic signatures in business operations. Therewith, an electronic signature of documents is a convenient alternative to handwritten signatures. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the problems of concluding business contracts in electronic form and a comparative legal study of the legislation of Austria, Great Britain, Germany, France, and Ukraine regarding the conclusion of such contracts at the international and European levels. The study is based on a systematic approach that helps to comprehensively study the problems of concluding business contracts in electronic form. Furthermore, the study is based on the laws and principles of dialectics, which also contribute to the study of the problems of concluding business contracts in electronic form.
The article is devoted to the study of the concept and features of risks in entrepreneurship. The points of view of scientists concerning the concept of risks are analyzed, two main concepts of risk are outlined: classical and neoclassical. The focus is on several risk concepts in the context of the doctrine of objective liability for damages: integral risk theory, theory of spheres, risk-benefit theory. The article systemizes the existing approaches to the essence and content of such a phenomenon as a risk in entrepreneurship: (1) risk is interpreted as uncertainty, indeterminacy, attribute of decision-making in a situation of uncertainty; (2) the risk is defined as the probability of deviation of the actual result from the expected; (3) the risk arises as an activity; (4) the risk is treated as the threat (danger) of deviation of the results of specific decisions or actions from the expected; (5) risk is interpreted as a system (complex) of individual components and elements (integrated approach). Different points of view of researchers concerning the signs of entrepreneurial risks are considered, author's signs of risk in entrepreneurship are singled out. Two ways of further development of the economic legislation in the part of legal support of freedom of entrepreneurship, as well as risk inherent in it, business risk management, etc. are proposed.
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