Abstract. The Pulkovo spectrophotometric catalog was published in Baltic Astronomy Vol.5 No.4 (1996). Here we present a supplement of the catalog containing the flux distribution data for 77 stars in the wavelength range from 320 nm to 735 nm. Actually, this is a direct continuation of Table 6 of the catalog.

A "toy model" of molecular evolution of sequences in copolymers is proposed and implemented using a molecular-dynamics-based algorithm. The model involves coupling of conformation-dependent and sequence-dependent properties. It is shown that this model allows the realization of two main possibilities: ascending and descending branches of evolution (in terms of information content of a sequence), depending on the interaction parameters shaping the conformation of a polymer globule. The problem of adequate description of information complexity of copolymer sequences is studied. It is shown that Shannon's entropy or compressibility of a sequence gives preference to random sequences and therefore cannot be applied for this purpose. On the other hand, the Jensen-Shannon divergence measure turns out to give the description of information complexity which corresponds to our intuitive expectations. In particular, this characteristic can adequately describe two branches of evolution mentioned above, exhibiting a singularity on the boundary of these regimes.

Abstract.A spectrophotometric catalog is presented, combining results of numerous observations made by Pulkovo astronomers at different observing sites. The catalog consists of three parts: the first contains the data for 602 stars in the spectral range of 320-735 nm with a resolution of 5 nm, the second one contains 285 stars in the spectral range of 500-1080 nm with a resolution of 10 nm and the third one contains 278 stars combined from the preceding catalogs in the spectral range of 320-1080 nm with a resolution of 10 nm. The data are presented in absolute energy units W/m 2 m, with a step of 2.5 nm and with an accuracy not lower than 1.5-2.0 %.

No abstract

No abstract

Abstract.The absolute spectral energy distribution data for 60 stars of the southern hemisphere in the range 310-1105 nm with a step of 2.5 nm are given. The observations were made in the Chilean and the Bolivian expeditions. The absolute calibration of the data is based on Vega. For variable stars L2 Pup, V806 Cen and RR Seo, the individual spectral distributions in the range 495-1105 nm at different Julian Days are given.

Abstract. We retrieved the total content of the atmospheric water vapor (or Integrated Water Vapor, IWV) from extensive sets of photometric data obtained since 1995 at Lindenberg Meteorological Observatory with star and sun photometers. Different methods of determination of the empirical parameters that are necessary for the retrieval are discussed. The instruments were independently calibrated using laboratory measurements made at Pulkovo Observatory with the VKM-100 multi-pass vacuum cell. The empirical parameters were also calculated by the simulation of the atmospheric absorption by water vapor, using the MODRAN-4 program package for different model atmospheres. The results are compared to those presented in the literature, obtained with different instruments and methods of the retrieval. The reliability of the empirical parameters, used for the power approximation that links the water vapor content with the observed absorption, is analyzed. Currently, the total (from measurements, calibration, and calculations) errors yield the standard uncertainty of about 10 % in the total column water vapor. We discuss the possibilities for improving the accuracy of calibration to ∼1 % as indispensable condition in order to make it possible to use data obtained by optical photometry as an independent reference for other methods (GPS, MW-radiometers, lidar, etc).Correspondence to: V. V. Novikov (novikov victor@mail.ru)

In the previous paper we considered two classic problems -the diffuse reflection of the light beam from semi-infinite atmosphere, and the Milne problem. For both problems we used the technique of invariance principle. In this paper we consider the solution of the problem when in semi-infinite atmosphere the sources of unpolarized radiation are exist. Here we used the technique of the Green matrices. We consider only continuum radiation.