The territory of the Crimean Peninsula is extensively subject to economic activities. In this connection, there is an ever-increasing impact on the environment. The present paper presents an analysis of the transformation of the area of the largest river basins of the northwestern slope of the Crimean Mountains (basins of the Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, and Chernaya rivers). For this purpose, various indicators characterizing the transformation of the area were calculated: coefficient of anthropogenic transformation; land degradation index; urbanity index; level of anthropogenic transformation; coefficient of absolute and relative intensities of ecological and economic land use distribution. The results show that the anthropogenic transformation of the area defined by the basins of the Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, and Chernaya rivers increases from the southeast to the northwest as the absolute height decreases, and when moving from river source to mouth. Among the basins under consideration, anthropogenic transformation is greatest In the Zapadnyy Bulganak River basin and lowest in the Chernaya River basin. Among the basins under consideration, anthropogenic transformation decreases from north to south in the following order: Zapadnyy Bulganak River basin, Alma River basin, Kacha River basin, Belbek River basin, Chernaya River basin. This is due to reduced impacts of economic activity within each respective basin.
The article presents the results of spatial and temporal dynamics research of the air temperature fields on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula due to the change of circulation epochs and periods of the Northern Hemisphere. Average multiannual maps of air temperature on the Crimean Peninsula for each circulating epoch and period were obtained, as well as maps of temperature fields dynamics at their change. Based on the obtained analysis of the maps it was found out that change in air temperature occurred not synchronously, but had its own characteristics in different regions of the Crimean Peninsula, which is explained by the influence of local factors. Zones characterized by constant maximum air temperatures in all considered periods have been recorded. It was found that during the instrumental observations on the Crimean Peninsula the warming occurred by 1 °C. This warming was occurring during the last circulation period.
In this work, using geoinformation research methods and soil maps, the main indicators characterizing the soil diversity of the Crimean Peninsula are analyzed. In total, 273 soil areas and soil complexes were identified on the soil map, consisting of 2363 contours, which were used in the analysis. The calculated values of the indices of soil diversity in the territory of the Crimean Peninsula exceed the values of the indices calculated for its parts, however, these excesses are insignificant. The territory of the Crimean Foothill region is characterized by the greatest soil diversity. Among the physiographic regions of the Crimean Steppe region, the Kerch region is characterized by the highest indicators of soil diversity, and the Tarkhankut region is characterized by the lowest. When assessing soil diversity in Crimea, it is recommended to use the Shannon diversity index, the Gini-Simpson index, and the Menhinik species richness index, since they differ in the highest degree of correlation with respect to each other.
The possibilities of the use of geoinformation systems (GIS) for green areas managing were discussed. The features of the use of the Field-Map software and hardware complex on landscape architecture objects are given. Field-Map allows you to perform mapping of any object in real time, estimate distances and areas, create thematic maps, perform dendrometric measurements, i.e. use all the features of a full-featured GIS directly when working in the field. The GIS of urban garden and park objects on the example of the city of Simferopol (the Republic of Crimea) were demonstrated. It seems promising to perform a planned inventory of urban green spaces of municipalities with mandatory GIS of plants collections of introduction points can contain an unlimited number of attributes, which allows to enter into a single database information on the time, origin and sources of receipt of the plant sample, the type of planting material, estimation of frost resistance, drought resistance, disease and pest infestation, the beginning and duration of flowering or fruiting, the period of greatest decorative effect, and other features. The work on creation of GIS arboretum and scientific exhibitions were conducted in N V Bagrov Botanical garden of the V I Vernadsky Crimean Federal University.
The article focuses on the characteristics of the rivers flowing through the territory of the Dzhankoy region and Dzhankoy town okrug in the Republic of the Crimea (Istochnaya, Tselinnaya, Vygonnaya, Sivash, Zavet-Leninskaya, Mirnovka with Stepnaya, Pobednaya, Stal’naya, Zelyonaya, Gvardeiskaya, Blagodatnaya, Velikosel’skaya). In the main these rivers are temporary watercourses, filled up with water during thaw in winter and after rains. They are slightly inclined from the south to the north. Their headwaters are on the height of little more than 20-30 m, but their estuaries may have negative values of absolute heights. The most characteristic feature of the rivers studied is the fact that their watercourses were straightened and deepened in the 60s-70s of the last century and they began to be used as collectors. It was caused by putting into operation the first stage of the Severo-Krymsky canal. After that the level of ground waters rose and this resulted in water logging of the territory and flooding the settlements. Water discharge depended, in the main, upon dumping of drain water, the volume of which had sharply reduced after cutting off the Dneeper water to the Severo-Krymsky canal.
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