One of the most serious/potentially fatal complications of transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is internal carotid artery (ICA) injury. Of 6230 patients who underwent TSS, ICA injury occurred in 8 (0.12%). The etiology, possible treatment options, and avoidance of ICA injury were analyzed. ICA injury occurred at two different stages: (1) during the exposure of the sella floor and dural incision over the sella and cavernous sinus and (2) during the resection of the cavernous sinus extension of the tumor. The angiographic collateral blood supply was categorized as good, sufficient, and nonsufficient to help with the decision making for repairing the injury. ICA occlusion with a balloon was performed at the injury site in two cases, microcoils in two patients, microcoils plus a single barrel extra-intracranial high-flow bypass in one case, stent grafting in one case, and no intervention in two cases. The risk of ICA injury diminishes with better preoperative preparation, intraoperative navigation, and ultrasound dopplerography. Reconstructive surgery for closing the defect and restoring the blood flow to the artery should be assessed depending on the site of the injury and the anatomical features of the ICA.
Patients, relatives, doctors, and healthcare providers anticipate the evidence-based length of stay (LOS) prediction in neurosurgery. This study aimed to assess the quality of LOS prediction with the GPT3 language model upon the narrative medical records in neurosurgery comparing to doctors’ and patients’ expectations. We found no significant difference (p = 0.109) between doctors’, patients’, and model’s predictions with neurosurgeons tending to be more accurate in prognosis. The modern neural network language models demonstrate feasibility in LOS prediction.
The article presents a case of successful surgical treatment of a patient with progressive chronic cerebral ischemia due to occlusions of both internal carotid arteries combined with occlusion of the vertebral artery in the first and second segments. We describe a surgical technique that includes an auto arterial carotid-subclavian bypass in the third segment of the vertebral artery, with an extracranial portion of the occluded internal carotid artery (after preliminary thromboendarterectomy) being used as a shunt. Previously, the patient had undergone surgery for creating bilateral EICMA. We analyzed the indications for each phase of the surgery with allowance for the peculiarities of compensatory collateral circulation and possible complications of the surgical treatment.
Background
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) represent an assessment framework with an increased focus on competency-based assessment. Originally developed and adopted for undergraduate medical education, concerns over resident ability to practice effectively after graduation have led to its implementation in residency training but yet not in vascular neurosurgery. Subjective assessment of resident or fellow performance can be problematic, and thus, we aim to define core EPAs for neurosurgical vascular training.
Methods
We used a nominal group technique in a multistep interaction between a team of experienced neurovascular specialists and a medical educator to identify relevant EPAs. Panel members provided feedback on the EPAs until they reached consent.
Results
The process produced seven core procedural EPAs for vascular residency and fellowship training, non-complex aneurysm surgery, complex aneurysm surgery, bypass surgery, arteriovenous malformation resection, spinal dural fistula surgery, perioperative management, and clinical decision-making.
Conclusion
These seven EPAs for vascular neurosurgical training may support and guide the neurosurgical society in the development and implementation of EPAs as an evaluation tool and incorporate entrustment decisions in their training programs.
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