В настоящее время интенсивно разрабатываются новые лекарственные средства, влияющие на си-стему гемостаза, и локально действующие кровоостанавливающие средства. Новые образцы разрабатыва-емых средств требуют объективного высокоточного сравнительного изучения их эффективности. Однако, несмотря на сложившуюся ситуацию, вопрос выбора методов оценки гемостатической активности ле-карственных средств и кровоостанавливающих имплантов (как в клинической практике, так и в экспе-рименте) остается открытым. В связи с этим авторами были проанализированы современные, наиболее распространенные методики, комбинации оцениваемых показателей гемостаза и методов исследования ге-мостатической активности лекарственных средств и имплантов (in vitro et in vivo), описаны преимущества и недостатки данных методов, а также предложены их наиболее эффективные сочетания. Авторы пред-лагают алгоритм выбора кровоостанавливающих средств, разрабатываемых с целью их применения при оперативных вмешательствах преимущественно на паренхиматозных органах брюшной полости. Алгоритм основан на этапности использования различных методик (I этап -скрининг-исследование физико-меха-нических и гемостатических свойств имплантов методиками in vitro, II этап -метод «острого» опыта in vivo для определения продолжительности кровотечения и объема кровопотери, III этап -метод «хронического» эксперимента in vivo (исследование выраженности реакции тканей животного на имплант при подкожной имплантации и моделированной травме паренхиматозных органов и пр.)), позволяющих всесторонне из-учить кровоостанавливающую способность аппликационных гемостатических имплантов и исключить воз-можные негативные эффекты при их применении. Ключевые слова: гемостаз, гемостатические средства, паренхиматозные органы, гемостатическая губ-ка, аппликационные импланты, кровотечение, кровопотеря, сгустокAt present new drugs affecting the hemostasis system and locally affecting hemostatic agents are being intensively developed. New types of the developed substances require highly objective and precise comparative methods for efficiency measuring. However, despite the current situation, the choice of methods for assessing the haemostatic activity of drugs and hemostatic implants (both in clinical practice and in experiment) remains open. In this regard, the authors have analyzed most common modern methods, combinations of the evaluated hemostasis indicators and methods for studying hemostatic activity of drugs and implants (in vitro and in vivo); the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are described and their most effective combinations are proposed. The authors propose the algorithm for the selection of hemostatic agents developed for the purpose of their application in surgical interventions primarily on the parenchymal organs of the abdominal cavity. The algorithm is based on the phasing of using various techniques (I step -a screening study of physic-mechanical and hemostatic properties in vitro implant procedures, II step -the method of "acute" experience in vivo for determining ble...
Citation: Yarmamedov DM, Lipatov VA, Medvedeva MV, Zaharova KV (2018) Study of the pharmacological impact of polymeric membranes with antibacterial effect in traumatic lesions of cornea. Research Results in Pharmacology 4(4): 89-96. https://doi. AbstractIntroduction: The most common pathology among patients with acute eye infection is conjunctivitis -78%, keratitis accounts for 14%. The most common infectious agent causing acute infection of the eye is Staphylococcus (55%). The opacity of the cornea in the overall structure of the causes of blindness in the world in 2015 accounted for 3.25% of total blindness and 1.14% in the structure of moderate or severe decline in vision. Materials and methods:The object of the study is antibacterial polymer films based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose, levofloxacin and poludan. In the in vivo experiment was modeled on the adult rabbits, an infected corneal injury in three groups. An infected corneal injury was modeled by removing the corneal epithelium and applying a suspension of microorganisms in the amount of 1 million colonies of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 to the affected area. In the experiment, 3 groups were studied: the control group ("placebo" treatment -instillation of distilled water 4 times a day), the comparison group (treatment with levofloxacin 0.5% in the form of instillations 4 times a day and poludan twice a day), the experimental group (treatment using antibacterial polymer films with immunomodulating effect once a day). The area of the defect on the cornea was evaluated by staining with a 1% solution of sodium fluorescein. The scoring of the clinical course of the post-traumatic infection of the cornea was performed using the semantic differential method after injury and infection, after 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days. Results and Discussion:In the study of the rates of resorption of the antibacterial membrane, as well as the release of active substances from the polymer, complete dissolution of the sample was detected within 30 hours. Based on the results of the study of the rate of resorption of the volume of the polymer membrane, a decrease in the index over a period of 24 hours in a physiological solution was found to be 4.5-fold. A weak dependence of the adhesion force on the parameters of the microrelief of the polymer membrane was revealed. The fastest rates of complete restoration of the integrity of the epithelium of the cornea were revealed in the experimental group. In the comparison group, the cornea was completely regenerated on the 7 th day. Conclusions:Under the conditions of the in vitro experiment, it was found that the antibacterial polymer membrane gradually dissolves, releasing the active components within 24 hours. When assessing the area of the defect of the cornea after an infected traumatic lesion, it was found that the treatment with polymeric antibacterial membranes with immunomodulating effect resulted in the reduction in the duration of treatment to 5 days.
курский государственный медицинский университет 1 , курская областная клиническая больница 2 , г. курск, российская Федерация Цель. изучить изменения физико-механических свойств полотен сосудистых заплат (разрывную нагрузку и разрывное удлинение при одноосном растяжении) после имплантации лабораторным животным на разных сроках хронического эксперимента in vivo.Материал и методы. для экспериментальных исследований использовали новые образцы сосудистых заплат. Группа 1: основовязаное полотно на основе волокон полиэтилентерефталата; группа 2: тканое полотно на основе полиэтилентерефталата и фторлона с дополнительной пропиткой желатином; группа 3: основовязаное полотно на основе волокон полиэтилентерефталата, разработанное коллективом авторов. в качестве групп сравнения использовали результаты исследования этих же образцов сосудистых заплат, не имплантированных в клетчатку лабораторных животных.в качестве объекта для имплантации выбрали 60 крыс-самцов линии Wistar. Животные были разделены на 3 группы (по 20 в каждой) соответственно количеству видов экспериментальных образцов и внутри каждой группы на подгруппы (по 10 согласно срокам выведения из эксперимента: 15-е и 30-е сутки). тестируемые образцы имплантировали в паравертебральные области лабораторным животным. испытания физико-механических характеристик проводили по стандартным методикам оценки прочностных характеристик, с помощью разрывной машины рЭм-0,2-1. оценивали удлинение (%) полотен имплантов после имплантации при 8 н, 16 н, фиксировали разрывную нагрузку (н).Результаты. образцы сосудистых заплат из полиэтилентерефталата, не имеющие дополнительной обработки желатином в процессе производства (группа 3), выдержали наибольшую разрывную нагрузку -147 н (на 15-е сутки эксперимента) и 151 н (30-е сутки) соответственно. процент их удлинения составил от 6% до 49%. в случае образцов, имеющих обработку желатином, -66, 5 н и 75 н соответственно.Заключение. значения показателей исследуемых параметров физико-механических свойств полимерных сосудистых имплантов после имплантации лабораторным животным выше у образцов группы 3 на всех сроках эксперимента (15 и 30 суток).Ключевые слова: сосудистые заплаты, хронический эксперимент, разрывная машина, растяжимость, полиэтилентерефталат, импланты, сосудистая хирургия Objective. To study the changes of the physical and mechanical properties of the vascular patch canvas (breaking load and tensile elongation at uniaxial tension) in the conditions of a chronic experiment in vivo.Methods. New samples of vascular patches based on polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) fibers were used for experimental studies. In the group 1 -warp-knitted canvas based on polyethylene terephthalate fibers was used; in the group 2 -woven canvas based on polyethylene terephthalate and fluoronone, additionally impregnated with gelatin; the group 3 -warp knitted canvas based on polyethylene terephthalate fibers, developed by the group of the authors. As a comparison group, the results of the study of the same samples of vascular patches, non-implanted into the...
History of experiments on animals began since the time of the anatomist Andreas Vesalius (XVII century) when experiments on animals (vivisection, from Latin vivus, meaning «alive» and sectio, meaning «cutting», literally «cutting the living tissue») were conducted without anesthesia and were extremely cruel. Nowadays use of laboratory animals considerably differs from that in the time of the first experiments and is regulated by certain legal enactments. The aim of the second part of our work is analysis of legal aspects of using animals in in vivo experiments, in particular, provision of them with adequate anesthesiological support. Normative acts regulating principles of work with laboratory animals in different stages of an experiment are considered: animal care, inclusion into experiment, implementation of experiment, withdrawal of animals from the experiment and determination of animals’ fate after the experiment. International and Russian regulatory framework on this issue, in particular, such documents as European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (March 18, 1986, Strasburg), Directive 2010/63/EU on Protection of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes, etc., are considered. Conclusion. At present there exists a sufficient amount of normative enactments regulating implementation of in vivo experimental research. However, most of them require further finalization taking into account recent innovations in medical science and technology. The problem of control of execution of the normative enactments which are in most cases advisory rather than mandatory, remains actual.
Taking into account the peculiarities of the blood supply to the liver and the structure of its parenchyma, and, as a result, considerable difficulties in providing reliable hemostasis without additional traumatization, a surgeon needs to be careful when performing a surgical manipulation. Despite a large number of modern methods for stopping parenchymal bleeding, many practi-tioners give preference to classic methods of hemostasis, including ligation of bleeding vessels in the bulk of the organ using specialized sutures. One of the most serious complications of the use of suture material is cutting of organ tissue, which leads to enhanced bleeding and expansion of the area of damage. At the moment, the tactics of choosing suture material for surgical procedures is empirical. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the physico-mechanical properties of suture material regarding its structure, and to develop a criterion for choosing surgical sutures for surgical procedures. For the study, the liver was removed out of corpses of males of 35 to 40 years of age, after which separate sections of 7.574 cm in size were obtained from it. Then a wound 3 cm long and 2 cm deep was made. The wound was sutured with a simple interrupted suture without tightening, but with application of one simple half-node. For suturing, catgut, twisted capron and polyglycolide thread were used. Attention was paid to the maximal force applied at the moment of cutting (Fmax) and the degree of pulling the thread at the moment of cutting (Lu). The analysis of the data was based on comparison of Fmax and Lu parameters. This method permits to refuse from the empirical approach to the choice of suture material for operations on the liver, and to develop a criterion for choosing surgical sutures.
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