Aim. Analysis of the cytoprotective effect of non-opioid leu-enkephalin analogue (Phe-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg) in the primary culture of pulmonary fibroblasts in conditions of oxidative stress. Methods. Pulmonary fibroblasts were incubated with the peptide of non-opioid leu-enkephalin analogue (Phe-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg) in the concentration 0.1 μM for 6 hours. To simulate oxidative stress, 60 μM H2O2 was added to the culture medium for 2 hours. Experimental series included (1) «control»; (2) «non-opiate leu-enkephalin analogue» (the peptide was added to the culture medium 44 hours after the final passage); (3) «oxidative stress» (H2O2 was added to the culture medium 48 hours after the final passage); (4) «non-opiate leu-enkephalin analogue + oxidative stress» (the peptide and H2O2 were added to the culture medium 44 and 48 hours respectively after the final passage). In order to evaluate the generation of superoxide anion by pulmonary fibroblasts, the method of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence was used. Computer morphometry of the nucleo-nucleolar apparatus of fibroblasts stained with silver nitrate by the AgNOR method was used to assess the cell state: the area of fibroblast nuclei, the total nucleoli area in the nucleus, and the number of nucleoli in the nucleus were measured. These parameters correlate with the activity of anabolic processes in the cells. Results. The effect of H2O2 on the primary culture of pulmonary fibroblasts caused an increase of superoxide anion generation by the fibroblasts, reduction of fibroblast nuclei size, decrease of nucleoli amount and size. Pre-incubation of pulmonary fibroblasts with a non-opioid leu-enkephalin analogue reduced the H2O2-induced generation of superoxide anion, corrected changes in the nucleo-nucleolar apparatus of fibroblasts caused by oxidative stress. In our previous studies, similar effect in the same model was shown for non-selective μ/δ-opioid receptor agonist peptide sedatin (dermorphin analogue). The mechanism of cytoprotective effect of non-opioid leu-enkephalin analogue may include the affinity of this peptide to nociceptin receptors (NOR receptors) that requires further studies. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate a direct cytoprotective effect of the peptide Phe-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg (non-opioid leu-enkephalin analogue) in oxidative stress.
Localization of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is its independent clinical sign which has not received proper coverage in the medical literature. The aim of the study is to compare the topical and clinical characteristics of unilateral lobar and segmental CAP in young men. Materials and methods: topical and clinical features of lobar, bi- and monosegmental CAP were studied in 6332 young military men. It was found out that monosegmental CAPs (mCAP) are more variable in their clinical and laboratory manifestations than their bisegamental and lobar variants not identified at the segmental level. The frequency of occurrence of mCAP of a specific localization directly correlates with the frequency of sputum expectoration, the severity of systemic and local neutrophilic inflammation. The 5th and 10th segments of both lungs are the zones of the most frequent localization of mCAP associated with a relatively high severity of systemic neutrophil reaction, and the 6th and 8th segments are the zones of a relatively longer course of mCAP and the predominance of signs of local inflammation. In bisegmental CAP, there is a general trend of a more pronounced systemic inflammatory response to the criterion of blood neutrophils level than in mCAP. The revealed regularities can contribute to a more accurate prediction of the mCAP course in the population of young men.
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