The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) on plasma lipid concentrations of male coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Forty-six male coronary patients were enrolled in the study. Thirty had a history of myocardial infarction and 16 had ischemic episodes documented by ergometer testing or Holter monitoring. The patients underwent acclimation to hypoxia by means of a protocol of intermittent exposure in a hypobaric chamber. Lipid profiles, including coefficient of atherogenity (CA) by A.N. Klimov, were assessed at baseline, on completion of the study, and at 3-, 6-, and 10-month follow-ups. Total cholesterol decreased by 7% on completion of the IHH and by 9% at 3 months and persisted on that level to month 6. HDL levels increased by 12% at 3-month follow-up and remained significantly higher than baseline until month 6. LDL levels declined on completion of IHH, but the changes from baseline were most prominent at 3-month (13%) and 6-month (11%) follow-ups. Similar changes were found in levels of VLDL and TG. CA declined by 26% on treatment completion and by 37% at 3-month follow-up and increased to baseline at 10 months. No changes in lipid profiles were found in patients with CA < 3 (n = 22). In subjects with CA > 3 (n = 24), beneficial effects were more pronounced. IHH in CHD patients with abnormal lipid metabolism leads to favorable changes of plasma lipid patterns persisting to month 6 following IHH.

As a result of recent progress in the development of the molecular genetics methods for the evaluation of the intestinal microbiome status, there are increasingly more evidence becoming available during the last evidences that the commensal bacteria exert a great influence on the wellbeing of healthy people, the state of intestinal microbiota, and the development of gastrointestinal diseases. The majority of the literature publications concerning the application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) describe series of clinical cases of Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. The use of probiotics for the management of these conditions appears to be supported by a more solid evidence-based practice and find a wider range of clinical applications than FMT for the prevention and treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases associated with an infection as well as pathological processes attributable to immune disorders.

Формы неалкогольной жировой болезни печени Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП) является обобщающим термином, включающим две основные морфологические формы заболевания: неалкогольный жировой гепатоз (НАЖГ) и неалкогольный стеатогепатит (НАСГ). НАЖГ определяется при наличии стеа тоза в более чем 5% гепатоцитов без признаков их повреждения и в большинстве случаев имеет доброкачественное течение [1]. В отличие от НАЖГ НАСГ-более агрессивная форма НАЖБП, характеризующаяся некротически-воспалительными изменениями в клетках печени, которые развиваются в результате стеатоза и обладают потенциалом к прогрессированию в цирроз печени (ЦП) и гепатоцеллюлярную карциному (ГЦК) [2, 3]. Тяжесть

Nowadays there is strong evidence that colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests greatly contributes to the reduction of disease-specific mortality. During the past two decades, against the background of the expanding range of CRC screening methods, many countries have implemented the population-based screening programs. Nevertheless, large geographical variations are still remaining as regards success of realization of these programs. As could have been expected, screening programs are more often implemented in the western countries characterized by a higher incidence of CRC and more accessible health resources.

The aim – to review and analyze the data on the long-term population-based efficiency of the screening procedures and other measures implemented according to Stage 1 periodical health checkup in the Russian Federation (by Order №36ан of 2015).Material and methods. This systematic search was carried out independently by two authors who used four databases: Scientific electronic Library, Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, and USPSTF. They looked into systematic reviews quoted by these sources. The criteria of the screening efficacy were the total / specific mortality and disability. The quality of the systematic reviews was assessed by the two authors using the international AMSTAR questionnaire.Results. According to the specific mortality rate, only the fecal occult blood test and the abdominal aorta ultrasonography are found to be efficient as screening methods for certain age and gender groups. The methodological quality of the studied reviews is high or medium to high. As follows from these high quality studies, the efficacy of mammography in female populations remains to be proven.

Изменения в составе биоты кишечника и дисбаланс микрофлоры (дисбиоз) может спровоцировать негативные последствия для процесса пищеварения, снижение детоксикационной функции печени и развитие ряда патологических состояний, включая воспалительные заболевания кишечника и болезни печени. В данной статье представлен обзор эффективности пробиотиков при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника (ВЗК), болезнях печени и инфекционных заболеваниях. Ключевые слова: микробиота кишечника, пробиотики, воспалительные заболевания кишечника, болезни печени, инфекционные заболевания.

BACKGROUND: In evidence-based medicine, the research methodology is determined by the risks of systematic biases and incorrect data analysis. Minimizing both risks increases the internal validity of the study. There are numerous recommendations and guidelines for data analysis and reporting, but the international community has not yet developed a questionnaire for reviewers to assess the quality of statistical analysis.AIM: To develop a tool for formalized assessment of the quality of statistical analysis presented in scientific medical publications.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire was developed based on the authors' decades of experience in statistical data analysis and reviewing the statistical aspects of biomedical articles and dissertations. The SAMPL guidelines, ICH E9, and other guidelines were taken into account when developing the questionnaire. Internal validation of the questionnaire was based on an independent assessment by two experts of 20 randomly selected articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from elibrary.ru, and further statistical analysis of the agreement of experts' conclusions.RESULTS: The CORSTAN (CORrect STatistical ANalysis) questionnaire was developed, which consists of two parts: the first part (10 questions) is intended for evaluating studies of any designs, while the second (following eight questions) is for additional assessment of RCTs. A stratification of the risk of incorrect statistical analysis is proposed. The evaluation of the questionnaire's internal validity showed its substantial and almost perfect agreement for each question and each article both in the sum of points and risk level.CONCLUSION: The use of the questionnaire will simplify and harmonize the statistical review of publications and manuscripts in various institutions - scientific journals, dissertation boards, etc. The questionnaire can also be helpful for authors during preparing manuscripts; it will also help improve the quality of publications and research itself. We plan to improve the questionnaire as we gain experience in its application.

Печеночная энцефалопатия (ПЭ)-это потенциально обратимый синдром нарушения функций головного мозга у больных с прогрессирующей печеночной недостаточностью. Даже в самой мягкой форме ПЭ снижает качество жизни, обусловленное состоянием здоровья, и является фактором риска эпизодов тяжелой ПЭ. Механизмы, нарушающие функции головного мозга при печеночной недостаточности, до сих пор полностью не изучены, однако ясно, что они напрямую связаны с печеночной недостаточностью и нарушением обмена аммиака. Наиболее распространенные гипотезы патогенеза отражают роль нейротоксинов, нарушение нейротрансмиссии вследствие метаболических нарушений при печеночной недостаточности, изменение энергетического метаболизма мозга, аминокислотный дисбаланс, системный воспалительный ответ и нарушения проницаемости гематоэнцефалического барьера.