Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of autologous cells of stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue in severe local radiation skin injuries after the exposure of rats to X-rays. Material and methods: Experiments were performed on Wistar rats, weighing 200–230 g. Rats were exposed locally in iliolumbar region using X-ray machine LNC-268 (RAP 100-10) at a dose of 110 Gy (30 kV tube voltage, current 6.1 mA, thick Al filter 0.1 mm), dose rate: 17.34 Gy/min. Area of the irradiation field was 8.2–8.5 cm2. Transplantation of autologous cells of stromal vascular fraction (SVFC) of adipose tissue was carried out on 21st or 35th days after irradiation. SVFC isolation was performed by means of enzymatic treatment of adipose tissue. SVFC suspension was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 1×106 cells per injection around the radiation ulcers.The severity of radiation damage to the skin and the effects of cellular therapy were evaluated in the dynamics of clinical manifestations, with the help of plane geometry and pathomorphometry. Results: It was found that by the 17–25th day after irradiation radiation ulcers were formedon rat skin. In the control group of animalsulcers persisted throughout the observation period of more than 3 months. The area of ulcers was 1,87 ± 0,35 cm2 and 1.52 ± 0.24 cm2 at 83th and 90th days after irradiation, respectively. In animals of the experimental group, with autologous stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, was significant decrease in ulceration the area in comparison to control animals. In 80 % of the rats treated with SVFC on 21st day after exposure, to the 90th day after irradiation complete healing of ulcers occurred with the formation of atrophic scar at the site of radiation injuries. These clinical observations and planimetric were correlated with the results of histomorphometry. Conclusion: Transplantation autologous SVFC of adipose tissue contributes to accelerate the healing of radiation ulcers after local x-ray exposure in the experiment, indicating that the prospects of using adipose tissue cell products for the treatment of severe local radiation injuries.
Purpose: To analyze the incidence of occupational diseases of employees of factories and organizations in State Corporation «Rosatom». Material and methods: The study was conducted with the use of primary documents, containing information about the diseases and working conditions in the workplace. The calculation of this indicator is based on the standard and original software. Results: In 2014 leading position among professional pathologies adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (26.1 %), a number enthesopathies (13.4 %), lateral and medial epicondylitis (4.2 % and 0.8 %, respectively) occupy. Pathologies associated with decrease in hearing (9.2 %). Cancers of the respiratory system, as well as malignant neoplasms unspecified localization (5.9 %). In the structure of occupational diseases employees from 50 to 59 years (36.9 %) is dominated; the lowest level of occupational diseases in the group under 39 years (5.9 %). 68.9 % of employees , registered in 2014, were over the age of 50. For the 2010–2014 long-term dynamics of occupational diseases shows its growth from 1.6 cases per 10,000 employees (2010) to 4.5 cases per 10,000 employees (2014). The negative long-term dynamics (2010–2014) observed for occupational diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (from 0.1 to 2.57 cases per 10,000 employees), vibration disease (from 0.7 to 0.9 cases per 10,000 employees), malignant neoplasms (from 0.2 to 4.2 cases per 100,000 employees). Conclusion: During 2010–2014 there was an increase of the incidence, mainly due to professional pathology of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, cases of vibration disease and malignant neoplasms. The highest morbidity rate of professional diseases was observed in workers of Priargunsky Industrial Mining and Chemical Union.Analysis of the data showed that the greatest number of diseases was revealed at persons in the age range 50–59 years old.
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