Alloys with high configurational entropy fundamentally differ from traditional alloys as they contain not one, but five or more basic elements with concentrations of 5 to 35 at.% each. Owing to the unique elemental composition, high-entropy alloys can have unusual functional properties such as high strength and wear resistance, exceptional heat resistance, good structural stability and good resistance to corrosion and oxidation. The review considers methods of synthesis of high-entropy alloys, methods and results of computer simulation of the high-entropy alloy structures and applications of such alloys as corrosion-, heat- and radiation-resistant materials and biomedical materials. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the use of such alloys as protective coatings.
The bibliography includes 352 references.
It is well known that liquid rubidium shows some unusual properties at low densities. The ab initio SIESTA package and the supercell technique within the linear muffin-tin orbital method were used to investigate this phenomenon. Electronic structures of liquid rubidium at different temperatures from the melting point up to the critical point were obtained. The atomic structure for the supercell technique was simulated for a cluster of 4000 atoms by the Schommers method on the basis of experimental structure factors of Rb obtained by Tamura and co-workers at different temperatures (from 373 up to 1973 K). The Kubo-Greenwood formula was applied for the calculations of the melt conductivity. The results obtained indicate that the metal-nonmetal transition in liquid rubidium is not connected to the gap at the Fermi energy in the density of electronic states, but, more likely, with electron localization on some kind of atomic cluster.
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