The aim of the work is research of straw pyrolysis in various modes, the determination of process thermal effects and estimation of straw thermal processing possibility in the autothermal mode. Physical experiment and differential thermal analysis were used as research methods. Thermotechnical characteristics of raw materials are determined by ISO 1171:2010, GOST R 55660-2013 and a bomb calorimeter; thermal and physical characteristic are determined by the analyzer of thermal diffusivity Discovery Laser Flash DLF-1200. In result of the work is established that thermal effects occur in the straw after heating to 200 °C. The first shows of exothermic reactions are observed when the reactor is heated to 303 °C – in this case the temperature of the straw reaches 308.8 °C. By differential thermal analysis is established that the temperature range of heat input was set from 235 to 575 °C and value of the thermal effect in this range was set 1475 kJ/kg. For this range, the heat costs for the organization of pyrolysis in the autothermal mode and the total thermal effect of the process are calculated. The calculation results showed that the maximum thermal effect (398.9 kJ/kg) can be obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 460 °C. For these conditions, the influence of the initial straw moisture content on the autothermality of pyrolysis process was evaluated and it was established that process can be organized due to its own thermal effects when the raw material moisture is less than 30.5%.
The aim of the work is research thermal characteristics of bran and products of pyrolytic processing to evaluation the possibility of their use as a fuel. As research methods, experiments were used to determine the yield of pyrolysis products and their characteristics, as well as differential thermal analysis. Thermotechnical characteristics of raw materials are determined by АСТМ Е1755-01, ISO 589:2008, ISO 5071-1:2013 and a bomb calorimeter ABK-1 (RET, Russia). The elemental composition of the raw materials is determined by the Vario Micro Cube analyzer (Elementar, Germany). In result of the work is established that wheat bran has a high heat of combustion (16.6 MJ/kg) for biomass and a high yield of volatile (81%). The ash content of raw materials was 6.9%, herewith the ash residue has a sintered character at temperatures above 725 °C, which indicates the slag ability. The active stage of bran decomposition proceeds in a temperature range 225–500 °C, that established by means of the differential thermal analysis. The results of material balance determination showed that the carbon residue (43%) has a predominant yield from the raw materials, the share of pyrogenetic water is 29%, which is due to the exothermic reactions in the bran during heating, resin – 12%, gas – 16%. The CO2 and CO concentrations are dominated in composition of pyrolysis gas during a heating temperature to 350 °C, which is associated with the decomposition of the main components in the bran – cellulose and hemicellulose. The methane concentration begins to increase after 350 °C and reaches a maximum at 450 °C, the decomposition of thermally more resistant lignin was occured at these temperatures. The maximum gas heat of combustion (9.3 MJ/m3) was associated to the peak of methane concentration in gas.
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