Introduction. The problem of security is extremely relevant for humanity as a whole and for the individual in particular. It is closely connected, for a person, with the main concepts – “life” and “death”, is interdisciplinary and the key to all arts and a huge number of sciences. However, the largely isolated development of their thesauri and model tools led to the formation of very eclectic conceptual and model apparatuses, exacerbated the problem of generalization (conceptual synthesis) and reduction in the dimension of the problem field. The purpose of the work is to analyze the basic concepts and model tools of the problem field of personal security. Materials and Methods. Systematic and interdisciplinary approaches and methods were applied: analysis and conceptual synthesis; analogy and transfer of knowledge; generalized method of qualitative structures; modeling, including the idea of multimodel descriptions and model games when used for these purposes, adequate to the reality of the collision of opposing models. In the case of insufficient evidence to confirm the hypotheses put forward at specific levels of the system hierarchy, we carried out the transition to the super system, as required by the conclusion following from the proofs of Kurt Gödel’s well-known theorems “On incompleteness”. Results. When understanding the problem of the security of the personality of a multidimensional person, the benefits of the transfer of knowledge and meaningful procedures, according to generalizations of concepts. Using the concept of “personality” as an example, the effectiveness of using the GMQS by I. M. Kalinauskas – B. V. Shmakov for the purposes of conceptual synthesis. The prospects of a multi-model description of the vast problem field of personal security by opposing models and model games of the type of “Life Strategy of a Creative Personality” by G. S. Altshuller – I. M. Vertkin. It is hypothesized that the current problem of “identity depersonalization” in thesauri and modeling, as well as the design and construction of multi-aspect systems for ensuring the personal safety of people in the future, can be removed in the process of creating their individual model “digital twins”. Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research contributes to the development of ideas about the scale and depth of the problematic field of personal security. The materials of the article will be useful to a wide range of researchers and practitioners engaged in research and solving not only the aggravated “eternalˮ problems, but also new problems of ensuring the security of an individual that arise in the conditions of digitalization of the life of modern society.
КОРРУПЦИЯ КАК ОСОБАЯ ФОРМА ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГОИ МОРАЛЬНОГО НАСИЛИЯ НАД ЛИЧНОСТЬЮ © 2020 А.Г. Абдуллин, доктор психологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры теоретической и прикладной психологии Южно-Уральский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет, Челябинск (Россия) В.В. Лихолетов, доктор педагогических наук, кандидат технических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры «Экономическая безопасность» Южно-Уральский государственный университет (НИУ), Челябинск (Россия) Ключевые слова: коррупция; личность человека; психологическое и моральное насилие; идеалы свободы, достоинства и справедливости; психологическая самозащита человека.Аннотация: Исследование посвящено слабоизученной области психологических проблем -психологии коррупции. Цель работы -проведение первичного анализа проблемы коррупции как особой формы психологического и морального насилия, рассмотрение ее индивидуально-и социопсихологических аспектов. Обсуждаются философские, биопсихологические и социокультурные грани феномена насилия. Проводится анализ проблем коррупции как особой формы психологического и морального насилия над личностью человека, рассмотрены индивидуально-и социопсихологические аспекты этого вида насилия. С позиций историко-культурной эволюции черт российской ментальности прослеживается нелегкий путь институционального признания в России базовых идеалов человека -его свободы, чести и достоинства. Проведен анализ воздействия отечественной коррупции разных уровней (от бытовой до идейной) как формы психологического и морального насилия на представителей всех возрастных и профессионально-деловых групп российского общества: от детей и подростков до лиц пенсионного возраста, от инноваторов до предпринимателей. Выявлен спектр морально-психологических травм, порождаемых встречей людей с коррупционными проявлениями в социально-экономической жизни страны. Рассмотрен ряд способов психологической самозащиты личности, включающий распространенные средства народного фольклора, ненормативной лексики и юмора, а также средства современных социальных сетей. Отмечено, что психотерапевтический эффект последних сегодня активно исследуется представителями психолого-медицинской науки. В ходе анализа базовых терминов исследуемой области сделано предложение о возможности формирования на их основе комбинации тематики перспективных научных проектов в сфере психологии. CORRUPTION AS A SPECIAL FORM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MORAL VIOLENCE AGAINST A PERSONKeywords: corruption; human personality; psychological and moral violence; ideals of freedom, dignity and justice; psychological self-defense of a person.Abstract: The research focuses on such an area of psychological problems as the psychology of corruption. The purpose of the work is to carry out a primary analysis of corruption as a specific form of psychological and moral violence and to consider its individual and socio-psychological aspects. The biological and psychological, social and cultural aspects of violence are discussed. The authors analyze the problems of corruption as a specific form of psycholo...
Background: The article presents the features of psychological time as one of the factors of self-efficacy of the individual. The belief in the efficacy of one’s own actions is an indicator of the potential success of a person. Attention is paid to various aspects of psychological time, which provide a high subject and interpersonal self-efficacy of the individual. Aim. This paper aims to determine the relationship between the self-efficacy of the individual and the components of psychological time, including the features of time perspective, personal competence in time and exposure to time disruptors. Materials and methods. The following questionnaires were used: the subject and interpersonal self-efficacy test, the time perspective questionnaire, the diagnostics of personal disorganizers and personal competence in time. The data obtained were subjected to correlation analysis with the Spearman coefficient. Results. The self-efficacy of a person is higher in the following conditions: goals and plans for the future are more expressed; perception of ones own past as filled with negativity and disappointments is less pronounced; the attitude to the present as independent of the subject's will is less pronounced. Interpersonal self-efficacy of a person is promoted by: orientation to setting life goals and future prospects; ability to getting one’s affairs in order, problem concentrating, showing interest in life and work. Conclusion. Subjects with high indicators of self-efficacy in both the subject and interpersonal spheres are characterized by: a high level of personal competence in time; low indicators of time disruptors. Subjects with high self-efficacy only in subject activities are characterized by: a high level of focus on the future; acceptance of their past without pain and frustration; perception of their present as dependent on their will and aspirations. Subjects with primary self-efficacy in interpersonal relationships are characterized by: the formation of life goals and intentions, the ability to see personal perspectives, an indifferent attitude to work, and the desire for activity. The results of the study can be used for correctional, developmental, and advisory psychological support for improving self-efficacy in individuals.
Introduction. The complex problems of upbringing and education of young people, their choice of landmarks in their life path, occupations and self-realization, which are relevant for the progress of the modern world, are studied by scholars from many countries. However, the existing specialization of sciences and the prevailing system of preferences of different scientific schools serve as an obstacle to inter- and transdisciplinary research. The purpose of the article is to present the results of the analysis of the vast problematic field of self-determination and self-realization of modern Russian youth. Materials and Methods. To study the problem, an analysis of statistical data and the results of sociological surveys, a cluster grouping of threats-problems in the sphere of self-determination and self-realization of youth was used for subsequent topological modeling. It was done by constructing and analyzing an oriented (causeand- effect) graph of threats as undesirable effects in order to identify key problems. When constructing a directed graph from threat-problems, the method of functional analysis of cause-and-effect chains tested in the study of a variety of non-standard problem situations in the theory of inventive problem solving was used. Results. Based on the results of the analysis of the cause-and-effect multigraph, built on the basis of 33 threatsproblems as troubles, four reasons of the first level were identified: “brain drain”, violation of the principle of social justice in the country, lack of ideological unity of society due to the ban on state ideology, low religiosity of society. This is followed by three reasons of the second level: the lack of a coherent state youth policy, the ineffectiveness of the existing model of such a policy, a unified state exam as one of the key reasons for the random choice of vocational training for young people. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained add up to the development of comprehensive research on the problems of youth self-determination and self-realization that are extremely important for the countryʼs optimistic future.
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