Background and Study Aim. In-depth analysis of electrical activity of certain muscles in athletes contributes to improvement in the technique of physical actions. Hamstring muscles are an important factor for making physical actions by experienced football players. The purpose of the study consisted in substantiation for factors of optimization of physical capacity to work in experienced football players. Materials and methods. The study involved 20 experienced football players (n=20, aged 18-33, the period of going in for football > 10 years). We used equipment of M-TEST computer electromyography device manufactured by research and development enterprise DX-Systems (Kharkiv, Ukraine). The maximum bioelectrical activity (MBA) of m. biceps femoris, m. semitendinosus and m. semimembranosus, which are hamstring muscles (HM), depending upon the angle of applied effort. The study was conducted with positions of the lower leg at angles of 180°, 165°, 145° and 125°. We used two-way analysis of variance and regression analysis. The fact that the distribution was normal was checked by Shapiro-Wilk W test. Results. Conditions for manifestation of the maximally effective realization of contractile abilities of HM were determined. Positions of the body and lower extremities for the largest overlaying of myofilaments in sarcomeres of HM were determined. Conditions of using external movement-disorganizing influence for HM were revealed. Models for special activity of experienced football players were systematized. Conclusions. HM will manifest their MBA in case of the coaxial position of the trunk and lower extremities. The angle of the lower leg position, equal to 180°, is the optimum one for the maximum overlaying of sarcomeres in the above muscles. Exercises with a component, which destabilizes the body position, are the most effective ones for realizing contractile abilities of HM.

No abstract

No abstract

External fixation devices have found wide application in pelvic fractures treating, but it is not always that strength characteristics of these devices make it possible to realize early rehabilitation. The mathematical justification for external pelvic osteosynthesis with use of rods having different thread hands on the basis of analysis of the stress-strain state of the «external fixation device - pelvis» system is presented. In order to increase the stability and reliability of pelvic fixation with external fixation device it is necessary to use a left-handed thread for the left rod, thereby making it possible to avoid loosening of its fixation in the bone, since the "behaviour" of the left rod will be similar to that of the right one. A change in the thread direction does not lead to redistribution of stress-strain state and change in the moment values, but directions of the action of the moments of force for the left rod will correspond to the direction of its screwing both in the left-sided and right-sided one-support position. Keywords: pelvis, stress-strain state, external fixation.

No abstract

Åêñïåðèìåíòàëüíà ìîäåëü óøêîäaeåííÿ àõ³ëëîâà ñóõîaeèëëÿ â ëàáîðàòîðíèõ ùóð³â

Informative value of provocative tests and a treatment-diagnostic block for differentiation of iliolumbar ligament syndrome was determined. Results of diagnostic examination of 174 patients with ligamentogenic lumbopelvic pain, where 97 cases revealed iliolumbar ligament syndrome and 77 patients had pathology of the sacrotuberous and/or sacrospinal ligaments, were analysed. It was found out that adduction of the hip, flexed at the right angle, with a subsequent pressure along its axis resulted in the largest sensitivity (Se=70.09%) and specificity (Sp=73.68%) for differential diagnosis of the source of ligamentogenic lumbopelvic pain in patients with iliolumbar ligament syndrome. This finding makes it possible to consider the above test as pathognomic, even in conditions of negative results of other provocative tests, and the one that substantiates a treatment-diagnostic block as the next diagnostic step. A combination of the test (adduction of the hip, flexed at the right angle, with a subsequent pressure along its axis), pathognomic for iliolumbar ligament syndrome, with a rotation test had a high sensitivity (Se=73.17%) and specificity (Sp=86.27%), thereby being a more valuable informative index for differential diagnosis of this ligamentosis. A combination with a diagnostic block increased diagnostic accuracy up to 98%. Keywords: lumbopelvic pain, iliolumbar ligament, provocative tests, treatment-diagnostic block.

Low back pain is the most widespread manifestation of pathology in the locomotor system. This pain has a multifactorial nature and in a number of cases can be caused by ligament defects in the lumbosacral region, particularly in the iliolumbar ligaments. Objective. To find out the modern trends in the development, clinical manifestation and diagnosis of iliolumbar ligament (ILL) syndrome based on the analysis of scientific-medical information. Results. ILL syndrome is characterized by variability of its form, attachment sites and even number. It has been revealed that ILL’s play an important biomechanical role in providing of stability in the frontal plane on the level of LV vertebra, and in the horizontal plane they restrict rotation of LІV with respect to the pelvis. Asymmetry of the spatial orientation of ILL causes an increased risk of formation of disc herniation in LІV–SІ. Under the effect of overloads ILL’s developstructural changes or damages, whose risk increases with age. Diagnostic algorithms usually provide use of physical and radial techniques for revealing of ILL damages. Difficulties in physical diagnosis and blocking of ILL syndrome are caused by their insufficient specificity. Also rather weak is an association between pain manifestations in the low back and results of radiological examinations. CT and MRI make it possible to visualize ILL’s, but so far these opportunities do not give too much for practice because of absence of any signs, whose relationship with the appearance and dynamics of low back pain would be doubtless. Ultrasound examination is a more informative method for instrumental diagnosis of ILL syndrome. Conclusions. Development of provocative tests and therapeutic-diagnostic blocks, which hold on the principles of evidence-based medicine, is a promising trend in improving diagnosisof ILL syndrome. Biochemical criteria for revealing and monitoring ILL pathology and their correlation with sonographic characteristics of different stages in the development of ligamentopathy require specification.