The article analyzes the prospects for the development of cycling in Moscow as an environmentally friendly transport that can help to solve the problem of anthropogenic pollution in the city. The paper looks on the factors that promote or hinder development of cycling in the city. Author attempts to estimate the demand for this type of transportation, as well as to evaluate the economic feasibility of this type of transport in Moscow.
The article is devoted to sustainable development and sustainable growth of socio-economic systems of Russian regions. It is stated that to manage the sustainable growth it is necessary to develop a comprehensive approach to analyze the sustainability of socio-economic systems of the Russian regions. The author proposes a model for assessing the sustainability of the socio-economic system of the region and the technique and algorithm for estimating the sustainability of subjects of the Russian Federation. He develops the integral indexes for each factor of sustainability. The maps of sustainability for results visualization and development of managerial decisions are given.
The problems of the optimization of the wooden rod systems is considered. The classification of nodes and connections wooden structures is given. The types of optimization problem are also considered.
Today educational trajectories of First-Generation College Students (hereinafter referred to as FGS) can be considered as a key subject of international research on inequality. The study of FGS has both conceptual and practical implications: holding a consistently vulnerable position within the higher education institutions, FGS constitute a vivid case that illustrates the mechanisms of inequality reproduction, as well as demonstrates its multidimensional and rigid nature. While there is a well-developed tradition of research on this issue in the West, the FGS category has not yet received much attention in the Russian academic field, which leaves invisible many aspects of inequality within Russian education. This article is devoted to the review of international studies of First-Generation Students – people who were the first in their family to find themselves studying in higher education institutions. Two groups of sources are analyzed: empirical educational strategies of FGS, as well as theoretical works aimed at conceptualizing this category and explaining the vulnerability of its representatives in the education system. Two areas of empirical work on FGS could be distinguished: the first one is devoted to the study of educational choice and admission to universities, while the second one considers the process of studying at a university. The concepts of habitus and forms of capital by P. Bourdieu, the integration model by V. Tinto and the role theory by G.H. Mead are considered as the dominant theoretical directions of understanding FGS. The article concludes with the discussion of potential and limitations of studying FGS in the Russian context in terms of both specifics of national educational system and the stratification model of Russian society.
Постановка задачи. Для железобетонного покрытия промышленного здания с пролетами 30 м и шагом осей 18 м предлагается подстропильная балка ступенчато-переменного сечения. Необходимо разработать алгоритм расчета прочности, трещиностойкости и деформативности для нового вида конструкции - железобетонной балки двутаврового сечения переменно-ступенчатой высоты. Результаты. Выполненные расчеты показали, что принятое распределение жесткостей по длине подстропильной балки, опирание ее на спаренные колонны и жесткое соединение смежных частей обеспечивают ей достаточную прочность и высокую жесткость. Выводы. Предложена и научно обоснована новая подстропильная конструкция - двутавровая балка ступенчато-переменной высоты для покрытий большепролетных одноэтажных промышленных зданий. Написанная программа расчета позволяет увеличивать число участков различной высоты и добиваться лучшего соответствия жесткостей балки эпюре изгибающих моментов. Это позволит создавать рациональные и экономичные проектные решения для промышленных зданий. Statement of the problem. For a reinforced concrete covering of an industrial building with spans of 30 m and an axis pitch of 18 m, a rafter beam of step-variable section is set forth. It is necessary to develop an algorithm for calculating the strength, crack resistance and deformability for a new type of structure - a reinforced concrete I-beam of variable-step height. Results. The performed calculations showed that the adopted distribution of stiffnesses along the length of the rafter beam, its support on paired columns and a rigid connection of adjacent parts provide it with a sufficient strength and a high rigidity. Conclusions. A new subrafter structure is set forth and scientifically substantiated - an I-beam of step-variable height for large-span one-storey industrial coatings. The proposed calculation program allows an increase in the number of sections of different heights and to achieve a better correspondence of the beam stiffnesses to the bending moment diagram. This will allow rational and economical design solutions to be created for industrial buildings.
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