The aims of the paper are: i) to establish the coenotic affinity of each species of the Molinia caerulea complex in the southwest of Ukraine, ii) to present the results of a comparative analysis of the syntaxa in which include Molinia, iii) to explain possible reasons for the expansion of Molinia caerulea in the studied area. The study area ranges from the basins of the Upper Prut River to the Upper Siret River in Ukraine.To determine the coenotical affinity of the studied species, 134 relevés were analysed. The data analysis was carried out using the Modified TWINSPAN algorithm provided by the JUICE software. Ecological features of the communities were analyzed by means of a DCA-ordination and phytoindication assessment. It was revealed that in the studied region the species of the Molinia caerulea complex are characterized by a relatively wide coenotic and ecological range and that they can be attributed to different communities of 4 vegetation classes: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (Polygono bistortae-Trisetion flavescentis, Molinion cearuleae, Arrhenatherion elatioris alliances), Festuco-Brometea (Bromion erecti alliance), Mulgedio-Aconitetea (Calamagrostion villosae alliance), Oxycocco-Sphagnetea (Sphagnion magellanici alliance). This paper presents the results of the floristic composition analyses outlines some ecological peculiarities and discusses the conservational values of the identified syntaxa.Izvleček Namen članka je: i) ugotoviti cenološko pripadnost vseh vrst kompleksa Molinia caerulea v jugozahodni Ukrajini, ii) predstaviti rezultate primerjalne analize sintaksonov z vrstami rodu Molinia, iii) razložiti možne vzroke za razširjanje vrste Molinia caerulea v preučevanem območju. Raziskovano območje se razteza med porečjema zgornjega dela rek Prut in Siret v Ukrajini. Za določitev cenološke pripadnosti preučevanih vrst smo analizirali 134 popisov. Podatke smo analizirali z modificiranim TWINSPAN algoritmom v programu JUICE. Ekološke značilnosti smo analizirali z DCA ordinacijo in fitoindikatorji. Ugotovili smo, da imajo vrste kompleksa Molinia caerulea v preučevanem območju relativno širok cenotski in ekološki razpon in njihove združbe lahko uvrščamo v štiri razrede: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (zveze Polygono bistortae-Trisetion flavescentis, Molinion cearuleae, Arrhenatherion elatioris), Festuco-Brometea (zveza Bromion erecti), Mulgedio-Aconitetea (zveza Calamagrostion villosae), Oxycocco-Sphagnetea (zveza Sphagnion magellanici). V članku predstavljamo rezultate vrstne sestave, izpostavljamo ekološke posebnosti in razpravljamo o naravovarstvenih vrednostih obravnavanih sintaksonov.
At the results of investigation of micromorphology features of seed surface of the Portulaca oleracea aggr. (Portulacaceae Juss.) from Chernivtsi Region (Ukraine) six morphotypes of this taxa were recorded. Some peculiarities of the seed morphology of Portulaca L., and features of the ultrastructure of seed surface of the P. oleracea aggr. morphotypes, based on the results of micromorphological studies with using electronic scanning microscope was described. The general for the representative of the genus (e.g. globous, ovate or almost reniform shaped of seeds; black or dark brown color) and specify for the morphological types (star-shaped, isodiametric or elongate cells of seed surface with central part and long or short rays; smooth surface of seed or with knobs (from 0,03 mm in diameter) or papillae (0,01–0,02 mm), etc.) peculiarities are determined. The original scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs of seed surface ultrastructure of the studied morphological types and key fragment for its determination are suggested. According to our investigation six morphotypes of Portulaca oleracea aggr. are presented in Chernivtsi Region. Some of them are new for studied territory (P. granulatostellulata (Poelln.) Ricceri & Arrigoni, P. papillatostellulata (Danin & H.G. Baker) Danin), and other (Portulaca nitida (Danin & H.G. Baker) Ricceri & Arrigoni, P. trituberculata Danin, Domina & Raimondo, P. tuberculata (Danin & H.G. Baker) Danin) – new floristic records for Ukraine, and one of them (P. oleracea) – was known before also. The maps of distribution of this morphotypes in the region are presented. At the results of morphotypes distribution the most common is P. granulatostellulata and P. oleracea – rare in studied region like as in Europe also.
Syntaxonomy of the natural vegetation of the Dniester Canyon, including 20 classes, 30 orders, 44 alliances, and 71 associations, is presented. The natural vegetation of the canyon is formed by communities of the classes Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae, Quercetea pubescentis, Quercetea robori-petraeae, Alno glutinosae-Populetea albae, Crataego-Prunetea, Festuco-Brometea, Trifolio-Geranietea sanguine, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Sedo-Scleranthetea, Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, Bolboschoenetea maritimi, and Isoëto-Nanojuncetea. Grassland vegetation is characterized by the highest syntaxonomic diversity. Quantitative assessment of syntaxonomic diversity in the three-dimensional system of ecological strategies of species according to Ramensky-Grime (CRS) was carried out. Adaptive capabilities, i.e. the potential for possible further development of forest, shrub and grassland habitats, have been assessed. It has been found that the dynamics of forest shrub, grass meadow and steppe communities is determined by successive endoecogenetic processes. In petrophytic communities, fluctuation changes are not manifested and successional changes are rather limited. Significant fluctuations are inherent in floodplain grasslands that depend on the sharp variability of moisture during the growing season. At the same time, it is emphasized that actual realization of these processes depends on influences of external drivers that can be considered as regulatory factors in possible development of syntaxa.
Based on the analysis of more than 17,000 vegetation plots (relevés), the participation of 261 protected species (254 vascular plants, six lichens, and one bryophyte) in 30 EUNIS grassland habitat types was revealed. Vegetation plots were assigned to the habitat types using the EUNIS-ESy expert system with further verification. We consider as protected species those listed in the current edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine, Resolution 6 of the Bern Convention, Annexes II and IV of the Habitat Directive, and the IUCN Red List (only categories VU, EN, CR). The participation of protected species was studied according to the following three criteria: (1) the total number of protected species in the plots assigned to a certain habitat type, (2) the number of plots in which at least one protected species is present, and (3) the mean number of protected species per plots within each habitat type. True steppes (R1B) and meadow steppes (R1A) differed with a significant predominance of the total number of protected species. Arctic alpine calcareous grassland (R44) and Continental dry rocky steppic grassland and dwarf scrub on chalk outcrops (R15) had the largest proportion of plots with protected species and the highest mean numbers of protected species per relevé. Saline habitats, in particular Temperate inland salt marsh (R63) and Semi desert salt pan (R64), were characterized by the smallest number of plots with protected species. Among all species, Gymnadenia conopsea, Stipa capillata, Colchicum autumnale and Gladiolus imbricatus occurred in the largest number of studied habitat types. Based on the results of the analysis, appropriate ways of optimizing the protection of grassland habitats and protected species are proposed.
Mетодичні аспекти прогнозування поширення адвентивних видів на основі фітоіндикації 113 Mетодичні аспекти прогнозування поширення чужорідних видів на основі фітоіндикації ВАСИЛЬ ВАСИЛЬОВИЧ БУДЖАК ЯКІВ ПЕТРОВИЧ ДІДУХ ІЛЛЯ ІЛЛІЧ ЧОРНЕЙ АЛЛА ІЛАРІОНІВНА ТОКАРЮК BUDZHAK V.V., DIDUKH YA.P., CHORNEY I.I., TOKARIUK A.I. (2019). Methodological aspects of prediction of distribution of alien species on the basis of phytoindication. Chornomors'k. bot. z., 15 (2): 113-123.The penetration of the invasive species into the natural habitats will be successful if ecological optimum of most factors for invading species coincides with the stress zone of these factors for the habitat, that means entering the value range of, so called, «reduced coenotic competition». The hypothesis was verified following analysis of 2,736 geobotanical descriptions of plant communities from the territory of Prut and Siret high basins. This flora includes 106 adventive species and 5 species-transformers among them. There was analyzed the coinciding degree of the ranges of model species' tolerance zones (Erigeron annuus (L.) Desf. (species-transformer), Cichorium intybus L. (invasive species), Sisyrinchium septentrionale E. P. Bicknell (invasive species) and communities towards 12 leading ecological factors such as soil hydrological regimen (Hd), humidification variability (fH), aeration (Ae), acidity (Rc), salification (Tr (Sl)), soil carbonate content (Ca), content of assimilable nitrogen (Nt), thermal regimen (Tm), climate humidity (Om), climate continentality (Kn), climate hardness (Cr), light regimen (Lc)). It was found that the model species are present only in the plant communities, where total overlap of tolerance zones of leading ecological factors reach 80-100%. The authors have formed 3D-models that illustrate correlation between the overlap level of species ecological optimum, stress zone and plant communities ecological optimum, which can be used for estimation of alien species invasive possibilities and detecting potential plant communities for their adoption.
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