Abstract. In Earth's orbit on June 28, 1999, there was a diamagnetic structure (DS) representing a filament with a uniquely high speed (about 900 km/s). We show that the filament is a part of the specific sporadic solar wind (SW) stream, which is characterized as a small interplanetary transient. We report the results of studies on the interaction between such a fast filament (DS) and Earth's magnetosphere. Around noon hours at daytime cusp latitudes, we recorded a powerful aurora in the UV band (shock aurora), which rapidly spread to the west and east. Ground-based observations of geomagnetic field variations, auroral absorption, and auroras on the midnight meridian have shown the development of a powerful substorm-like disturbance (SLD) (AE~1000 nT), whose origin is associated with the impact of the SW diamagnetic structure on the magnetosphere. The geostationary satellite GOES-8, which was in the midnight sector of the outer quasi-capture region during SLD, recorded variations of the B z and B x geomagnetic components corresponding to the dipolization process.
Abstract. The paper discusses the outer electron belt dynamics, adiabatic and nonadiabatic mechanisms of increases and losses of energetic electrons.Under undisturbed conditions, the outer electron belt gradually empties: in the inner magnetosphere due to electron losses in the atmosphere and in the quasitrapping region due to losses at the magnetopause because drift shells of electrons are not closed there. The latter process does not occur in normal years due to the masking replenishment by freshly accelerated particles, but in years of extremely low activity it leads to a significant decrease in the electron population of the belt.During the magnetic storm main phase, the first reason for the decrease in the electron flux intensity is the adiabatic cooling associated with conservation of adiabatic invariants and complemented by injection of electrons into the atmosphere and their losses at the magnetopause. Electron flux increases involve E×B electron injection by the induction electric field of substorm activation and by the large-scale solar wind electric field, with pitch energy diffusion along with adiabatic heating in the recovery phase.The rate of electron flux recovery after a storm is determined by the ratio of nonadiabatic increases and losses; hence the electron flux represents a continuous series from low to very high values. The combination of these processes determines the individual character of radiation belt development during each magnetic storm and the behavior of the belt in the quiet time.
In Earth’s orbit on June 28, 1999, there was a diamagnetic structure (DS) representing a filament with a uniquely high speed (about 900 km/s). We show that the filament is a part of the specific sporadic solar wind (SW) stream, which is characterized as a small interplanetary transient. We report the results of studies on the interaction between such a fast filament (DS) and Earth’s magnetosphere. Around noon hours at daytime cusp latitudes, we recorded a powerful aurora in the UV band (shockaurora), which rapidly spread to the west and east. Ground-based observations of geomagnetic field variations, auroral absorption, and auroras on the midnight meridian have shown the development of a powerful substorm-like disturbance (SLD) (AE~1000 nT), whose origin is associated with the impact of the SW diamagnetic structure on the magnetosphere. The geostationary satellite GOES-8, which was in the midnight sector of the outer quasi-capture region during SLD, recorded variations of the Bz and Bx geomagnetic field components corresponding to the dipolarization process.
The paper discusses the dynamics of the outer electron belt, adiabatic and nonadiabatic mechanisms of replenishment and losses of energetic electrons. Under undisturbed conditions, the outer electron belt gradually empties: in the inner magnetosphere due to electron precipitation in the atmosphere and in the quasi-trapping region due to losses at the magnetopause because drift shells of electrons are not closed there. The latter process does not occur in normal years due to the masking replenishment by freshly accelerated particles, but in years of extremely low activity it leads to a significant decrease in the electron population of the belt. During the magnetic storm main phase, the first reason for the decrease in the electron flux intensity is the adiabatic cooling associated with conservation of adiabatic invariants and complemented by precipitation of electrons into the atmosphere and their dropout at the magnetopause. Electron flux increases involve EB electron injection by the induction electric field of substorm activation and by the large-scale solar wind electric field, with pitch energy diffusion along with adiabatic heating in the recovery phase. The rate of electron flux recovery after a storm is determined by the ratio of nonadiabatic increases and losses; hence the electron flux represents a continuous series from low to very high values. The combination of these processes determines the individual character of radiation belt development during each magnetic storm and the behavior of the belt in the quiet time.
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