The problem of searching for alternative ways of power supply for the transport and technological complex of the agroindustrial complex is discussed. The ecological and economic expediency of the transfer of agricultural machinery (mainly diesel) to supply by fuel produced from biomass is substantiated. It is noted that the large-scale use of biological energy as the main motor fuel for diesel engines is hampered by a significant difference in their physicochemical properties from the properties of traditional hydrocarbon fuels. One of the alternative solutions to the problem is the use of energy biological products as an additive to the base hydrocarbon fuel. At the same time, the most acceptable physicochemical properties of a two-component fuel, meeting the requirements of efficient organization of the working process of a diesel engine are provided by appropriate choice of the value of this additive. The paper suggests a technique for optimizing the component composition of binary fuel, which provides the utmost possible improvement of the economic and environmental performance of an engine running on this fuel. A method for improving the combustion performance of biohydrocarbon fuels based on the use of chemical activation agents is methodologically substantiated. Results of experimental approbation of a set of proposed measures for improving binary fuel parameters in conditions of full-scale tests on the engine are presented. Based on the results of the conducted study, it is concluded that the proposed concept of the method aimed at improving the indicators of binary biohydrocarbon fuels can be attributed to one of the promising directions in the field of actively developing bioener-gy. The use of such fuels makes it possible to convert almost any serial engine into a competitive power plant with higher environmental and economic performance compared to engines running on traditional petroleum fuels. In its key basis, the method is aimed at an efficient and cost-effective solution of urgent problems of energy conservation and raising the level of environmental and fuel and energy security in the environment of agricultural production.
Dependence of intra-cyclic acceleration of crankshaft rotation under steady-state mode on disbalance of engine is revealed. On basis of this dependence, the method for estimation of imbalance of machine engine without disassembling is developed.
Cylinder piston group is the main part of friction in the engine, where usually mechanical losses appear, that is why its work and design should be considered from the point of view of tribology. The task of designing a cylinder - piston group as a friction unit is to select the basic geometric dimensions, the profile of the guide part in the longitudinal and transverse planes, the diametric gap, the coordinates of the piston pin arrangement and the center of mass. The solution of these problems is directly dependent on the possibility of studying the complex plane-parallel motion of the piston within the piston-cylinder liner clearance in the lubricant layer. At present, compound pistons are gaining traction from forced diesel engines with increased loads on the cylinder-piston group. The study of the movement of the compound pis-ton must include the solution of interrelated tasks: the investigation of the motion of the piston crown with a set of piston rings and the study of the motion of the piston skirt, taking into account the effect of the rocking motion of the connecting rod on it. The derivation of the equations of motion of all components of the piston and connecting rod is given in the article. Their combined solution and the resulting equations allow us to investigate the transverse motion of the crown of the composite piston and to evaluate the operation of the piston rings, and also taking into account the hydrodynamic lubrication of the skirt, to carry out a comprehensive study of the state of the skirt of the compound piston and, first and foremost, to investigate the influence of its basic design parameters on the conditions of the hydrodynamic grease. The developed mathematical model will allow on the basis of complex research the influence of the above parameters to develop a composite piston design that provides high technical and economic parameters of the engine.
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