Aim. To study the dental status of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders in dental debridement under general anaesthesia. Methods. A comparison of the prevalence of oral pathology among patients depending on gender, age, and nosological group was performed. It was studied the dependence of the prevalence of both acute and chronic forms of dental pathology on the type of background disease and compared the frequency of dental pathology depending on the background disease. Results. 50.8% of patients were male and 63.82% were female. All patients had poor oral hygiene and lack of knowledge about personal hygiene practices. Dentin caries (K01.2) was in 39 (30.5%) patients, irreversible pulpitis (K04.0) in 31 (24.2%) patients, and chronic forms of periodontitis and their exacerbation (K04.5) in 99 (77.3%) patients. In our study, most patients with neuropsychiatric disorders (35.9%) had Cerebral palsy (G80), 28.1% had mental retardation (F70F73), and 10.2% had schizophrenia (F20). Irreversible pulpitis (K04.0) was statistically significantly more common in patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy (G80) 21.7%, while in patients with mental retardation (F70F73) only in 5.6% (p=0.007). The prevalence of periodontitis was highest in patients with mental retardation (F70F73) 86.1%, medium in patients with schizophrenia (F20) 46.2% and lowest in other diseases (39.4%); the differences were statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion. We identified characteristics of the dental status, intensity and prevalence of dental diseases in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders in dental debridement under general anaesthesia.
Aim. To comparatively characterize the state of local and general immunity in patients with the primary diagnosis of albinism and oral mucosal diseases. Methods. In the dental clinic of FSBEI HE «Kazan SMU MOH Russia» 4 patients aged 16 to 17 years are observed with the primary diagnosis of albinism and comorbid oral mucosal diseases. On initial examination 2 patients from group 1 were diagnosed with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Sutton’s disease. K12.1. The control group (group 2) included 5 children aged 12 to 15 years diagnosed with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The state of local immunity was assessed by the level of lysozyme of the oral fluid before and after the treatment. Lysozyme activity in the oral fluid was evaluated and calculated by our newly developed method. The state of local immunity was assessed by immunograms. Patients’ microbiologic status was evaluated by microscopic and bacteriological methods. Results. Among the patients from group 1 with the diagnosis of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Sutton’s disease, the analysis of immunograms prior to the study revealed severe neutropenia (5.4±0.4×109/l), lymphocytosis (Т-lymphocytes 85±3.5%), leukopenia (2.2±0.1×109/l), increased level of immunoglobulin A (2.69±0.1 g/l), decreased number of phagocytes (2.6) and circulating immune complexes (22±1.48). In patients from the control group leukopenia (2.89±0.23×109/l), lymphocytosis (Т-lymphocytes 74.3±1.32%), insignificant increase of immunoglobulin G level (14.5±0.59 g/l), decreased number of phagocytes (4.5±0.5) and circulating immune complexes (38.67±1.23), and neutropenia (25.5±0.1×109/l) were revealed. Conclusion. Cellular component of the general immunity in albinos insignificantly differs from the patients of the control group but no restoration of the cellular immunity occurs even in long-term remission; to choose the method of treatment for patients diagnosed with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis it is necessary to determine the etiology of the disease, particularly, immunologic status of patients before and after the treatment.
Казанский государственный медицинский университет, г. Казань, Россия Реферат Цель. Изучить сезонность заболеваний челюстно-лицевой области как фактора, влияющего на длительность случаев временной нетрудоспособности в Республике Татарстан. Методы. Источником информации послужили случаи временной нетрудоспособности, установленные стоматологическими медицинскими организациями Республики Татарстан (анализ учётно-отчётных форм 16-ВН, 036/у, 035/у, 043/у за период 2007-2016 гг.). Результаты. Установлена различная обращаемость пациентов с заболеваниями челюстно-лицевой области, приводящими к утрате трудоспособности пациента, в стоматологические медицинские организации в зависимости от сезонности. Установлено, что различия структуры случаев временной нетрудоспособности по причине заболеваний в зависимости от сезонности за разные годы изучаемого периода были статистически значимыми (p <0,001) во всех группах, кроме неодонтогенных воспалительных заболеваний. Нами установлены два периода с увеличенной долей случаев -с марта по апрель и с октября по декабрь. В эти месяцы случаи временной нетрудоспособности в общей структуре составляли 8,9% и выше. Вывод. Анализ заболеваемости и факторов, приводящих к наступлению случая временной нетрудоспособности, позволяет получить достоверную информацию о состоянии здоровья экономически активного трудоспособного населения Республики Татарстан, которая станет основой планирования мероприятий по профилактике, соответствующему комплексному лечению и реабилитации пациентов. Ключевые слова: экспертиза временной нетрудоспособности, заболевания челюстно-лицевой области, стоматологическая медицинская организация, сезонность заболеваний. Для цитирования: Салеев Р.А., Абдрашитова А.Б. Влияние сезонности заболеваний челюстно-лицевой области на структуру случаев временной нетрудоспособности в Республике Татарстан. Казанский мед. ж. 2019; 100 (5): 751-756. AbstractAim. To study the seasonality of diseases of the maxillofacial region as a factor affecting the duration of temporary disability in the Republic of Tatarstan.Methods. The sources of information were the cases of temporary disability established by dental medical organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan (analysis of accounting and reporting forms 16-VN, 036/u, 035/u, 043/u for the period 200716-VN, 036/u, 035/u, 043/u for the period -2016. Results. The number of visits to dental medical organizations of the patients with diseases of the maxillofacial region leading to disability of the patient was different depending on the season. It was found that the differences in the structure of temporary disability due to diseases depending on the season for different years of the study period were statistically significant (p <0.001) in all groups except non-odontogenic inflammatory diseases. We have established two periods with an increased number of cases -from March to April and from October to December. In these months, cases of temporary disability in the general structure accounted for 8.9% and more.
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