Increased echogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) on transcranial ultrasonography (TCS) is a typical sign in Parkinson's disease (PD). Detected in healthy adults it is assumed to represent a risk factor for nigral injury. We studied at which time point of brain maturation increased signal intensity may occur by performing TCS scans in 109 newborns and children aged 0-192 months. While newborns regularly exhibit SN hyperechogenicity, this echofeature decreases substantially during the first years of life. As SN echogenicity is related to the tissue iron content in adults our findings suggest a failure in SN iron metabolism in some children with increased echogenicity during development which can be disclosed by TCS.
2 СПб ГБУЗ «Детская городская больница № 1», Санкт-Петербург Актуальность. Выявление внутричерепных изменений у детей при легкой черепно-мозговой травме в остром периоде путем сочетания клинико-неврологической и сонографической оценки тяжести состояния. Цель исследования -изучить возможности комплексной клинико-сонографической оценки тяжести неврологического состояния у детей при легкой черепно-мозговой травме в остром периоде. Материалы и методы. Клинико-сонографическая оценка тяжести неврологического состояния проведена 256 пострадавшим с клиническими критериями легкой черепно-мозговой травмы. В качестве основного метода нейровизуализации применяли ультрасонографию. Результаты. Установлено, что диагностическая чувствительность клинико-сонографического осмотра в выявлении травматических структурных внутричерепных изменений у детей при легкой черепно-мозговой травме составила 90,0 % (95 % ДИ 0,71-0,98), диагностическая специфичность -97,0 % (95 % ДИ 0,96-0,98), диагностическая эффективность -94,9 % (95 % ДИ 91,8-97,1). Выводы. Комплексный клинико-сонографический подход может быть эффективно использован для оценки тяжести неврологического состояния у детей при легкой черепно-мозговой травме в остром периоде.Ключевые слова: дети, легкая черепно-мозговая травма, неврологическая оценка, транскраниальная ультрасонография. Background. The intracranial changes in children with mild traumatic brain injury in acute period are identified by a combination of clinical-neurological and ultrasonographic evaluations of the condition severity. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of performing comprehensive clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations in for determining the severity of the neurological condition of children with mild traumatic brain injury in an acute phase. Materials and Methods. Clinical and ultrasonographic assessment of the severity of the neurological condition was performed on 256 patients with clinical criteria suggesting mild traumatic brain injury. Ultrasonography was used as the main neuroimaging. Results. We found that the diagnostic sensitivity of clinical and ultrasonographic examination for detecting traumatic structural intracranial changes in children with mild traumatic brain injury was 90% (95% confidence
CLINICAL AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE NEUROLOGICAL STATUS OF CHILDREN WITH MILD BRAIN INJURY IN ACUTE PHASE
Research of effects of music on premature infants has been performed since 1970 th. The vast majority of investigations have revealed essential positive effects of music on various physiological indices of infants. During the previous 40 years, music therapy has developed from simple acoustic stimulation of a neonate to complex types of musical and psychotherapeutical interventions directed not only at an infant, but also at caregivers (primary at a mother) in order to support bonding of the dyad, disconnected by perinatal stress and long-term hospitalization in a NICU. In spite of multiple works about music therapy of neonates, a couple of aspects still require further research. Unfortunately, in the domestic literature we have succeeded to find relatively few reports about music therapy of neonates, whereas in several foreign clinics this method has already been included in the routine clinical practice. Possibly, “the acoustical mama-therapy” could appear optimal in domestic neonatal units.
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