Neodymium laser irradiation is an effective method to treat facial skin cancer of stages T(1-2)N(0)M(0), and results in acceptable cosmetic results.

Experiments to investigate copper surface fatigue caused by pulsed rf radiation were carried out using the 30 GHz free electron maser. The copper surface of a special test cavity was exposed to 15-20 MW=150-200 ns rf pulses with a repetition rate of 1 Hz, providing a temperature rise of up to 250 C in each pulse. An electron microscope was used to study the copper surface both before and after exposure to 10 4-10 5 rf pulses. An examination of the copper microstructure and cracks which developed during the experiment was made. Dramatic degradation of the copper surface and causes of very frequent breakdown were observed when the total number of rf pulses reaches 6 Â 10 4 .

Results of experimental study of heat transfer and flow phenomena associated with application of hemispheric cavities to augment convective heat transfer are presented. Study is performed for different geometries and various flow parameters, including turbulence. Experimental correlations for the curved surfaces applicable to gas turbine internal airfoil cooling are obtained and analyzed for both heat transfer and pressure losses. Effectiveness of the augmentation technique, considering a simplicity of fabrication process, is emphasized.

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Radiation from a neodymium laser (lambda = 10600A) was used to treat 846 patients with 687 precancerous lesions or benign tumors of the skin, 516 cutaneous carcinomas, 33 recurrences of cancer, 51 melanomas, and 508 metastatic melanomas in the skin. The patients have been followed for three months to 6.5 years. No relapses have been observed during this period. Metastases to regional lymph nodes were found in five patients with skin melanoma Stage 1, 6--18 months after treatment. The therapy failed in only one patient with a malignant tumor of the hirsute part of the head. It was established that pulsed laser radiation may be successfully used in the treatment of precancerous lesions and benign tumors as well as for skin carcinoma and its recurrences. This therapy is indicated for skin melanoma, too. Laser radiation is more effective in the treatment of tumors inaccessible to radiation therapy and better in those cases in which surgery may have a bad cosmetic or even mutilating effect. Pulsed laser radiation is suitable for treating metastatic melanoma of the skin. Laser beams can be employed in conjunction with chemo- or immunotherapy.