Рис. 6. Графики почасового спроса на потребление электрической энергии и природного газа различными типами промышленных предприятий Дзюба А.И. Комплексное управление спросом на энергоресурсы на промышленных предприятиях и в регионе
Abstract. The paper is devoted to the questions of assessment and analysis of the energyinfrastructural potential of Russian regions. The characteristics of energy infrastructure in a region play an important role in the evaluation of investment attractiveness of potential places for industrial investment. This paper describes the author's methodical approach to the assessment and analysis of the energy-infrastructural potential of the regions by plotting energy-infrastructural maps and by building a matrix of the regions. It allows distinguishing similar territorial entities based on the indicators of energy infrastructure with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the selection procedure for potential places for industrial investment. The developed method was tested on the example of assessment and analysis of characteristics of Russian region's energy infrastructure. That resulted in the construction of rating of the regions by the level of energy-infrastructural potential and generating of energy-infrastructural maps. The obtained results have theoretical and practical importance and can be used in the development of activities in the field of energy efficiency in the regional context and in the analysis of the energy-infrastructural capacity of potential locations for industrial investments. Keywords: energy-infrastructural potential, investment attractiveness, the ratio of regions, the coefficient of energy tariffs, the coefficient of technological connection, industrial investment, the region's economy, energy infrastructure, energy tariffs, technological connection.
Статья посвящена оценке результатов реализации мер по энергосбережению и повышению энергетической эффективности экономики России, производимых за период последнего десятилетия с 2010 по 2019 годы. Автором проводится эмпирический анализ данных потребления электрической энергии в России за период с 1990 по 2019 годы, с углубленным анализом характеристик изменения потребления электроэнергии с 2010 по 2019 годы, по отношению к уровню базового 2017 года. Автором проводится анализ фактических и плановых данных показателей электроемкости и энергоёмкости ВВП России за период с 2010 по 2019 годы, с выявлением значительного отставания фактических характеристик уровня эффективности от запланированных в рамках нормативных актов, утвержденных Правительством РФ. В материалах проводится анализ динамики и направлений фактического расхода электроэнергии и тепловой энергии на единицу отдельных видов произведенной продукции и услуг в России за период 2012-2019 годов. Проведен анализ доли затрат на конечное потребление энергетических ресурсов экономикой России в ВВП в текущих ценах за период 2012-2015 годов, а также распределение затрат на энергоресурсы по их видам и структуре основных потребителей. The article is devoted to the assessment of the results of the implementation of measures to save energy and increase the energy efficiency of the Russian economy produced over the period of the last decade from 2010 to 2019. The author conducts an empirical analysis of data on electricity consumption in Russia for the period from 1990 to 2019, with an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of changes in electricity consumption from 2010 to 2019, in relation to the level of the base year 2017. The author analyzes the actual and planned data on the indicators of electrical intensity and energy intensity of Russia’s GDP for the period from 2010 to 2019, revealing a significant lag in the actual characteristics of the level of efficiency from those planned within the framework of regulations approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. The materials analyze the dynamics and directions of the actual consumption of electricity and heat energy per unit of certain types of products and services produced in Russia for the period 2012-2019. The analysis of the share of costs for the final consumption of energy resources by the Russian economy in GDP in current prices for the period 2012-2015, as well as the distribution of costs for energy resources by their types and structure of main consumers.
One of the modern and effective tools for energy efficiency improvement at the level of national economies is management of the demand for electrical energy consumption. The mechanism of management of the demand for electrical energy consumption has a significant potential for energy efficiency improvement for the Russian economy, but due to structural features of the Unified Energy System of Russia, the Electrical Energy Demand Management Program is at the stage of concept development. A model of management of the demand for electrical energy consumption for Unified Energy System of Russia has been developed taking into account structural features of the electric power system. Peculiarities of the economic structure of Russia, which influence the formation of the structure of the country’s electric power complex, have been revealed. They were taken into account when developing requirements for the electrical energy demand management system in the Unified Energy System of Russia. The basic features are the multilevel form and hierarchy of the structure; they have been investigated in the process of developing the demand management model. The classification of electric power industry entities, related to processes of electric energy circulation and the influence on the management of the demand for electrical energy consumption, has been developed with economic interests of each entity within the framework of the demand management model. The electrical energy demand management model, which is based on the hierarchical structure of demand management, has been developed and covers the whole complex of management functions and takes into account features of demand management at each management level. The model allows to significantly improve the efficiency of management of the demand for electrical energy consumption, to ensure the quality of management.
The growth of indebtedness of industrial enterprises operating in conditions of economic instability for consumed electricity and the sanctions imposed by the energy supplying organizations for late payments, determine the urgency of the problem of managing the risks of non-payment for energy from industrial enterprises. The article is devoted to the description of the method developed by the authors for managing the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for consumed electricity, based on the principles of price-dependent electricity consumption. Based on the study of the mechanism of formation of the cost of electricity purchased by industrial enterprises in the wholesale and retail electricity markets, special methods were proposed to control each component of the cost of electricity: electrical energy, electrical power, electricity transmission services. It justifies the need to develop options for operating modes of industrial equipment, such as nominal load mode, load limiting mode, technological minimum load, in order to effectively implement and use price-dependent power consumption in crisis conditions.Modeling scenarios of price-dependent demand management for power consumption is made on the example of a machine-building enterprise and the calculation and component-wise analysis of the economic effect of price-dependent management and the factors influencing its formation are carried out. The developed method allows you to effectively manage the risks of non-payment of industrial enterprises for electricity, as well as minimize the risks of restricting the supply of electricity to industrial facilities and disruptions in the operation of industrial equipment.
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