When characterizing vehicle emissions, as a rule, the speed of traffic flows is not taken into account, which significantly reduces its accuracy. In this regard, the use of the cartographic method for assessing the speed of traffic flows on the tracks is quite reasonable and relevant. The assessment of the intra-annual dynamics of the intensity of traffic flows and emissions of the main components of exhaust gases by vehicles on the streets of the city of Ryazan and bypass roads using a cartographic method for recording the intensity of traffic flows was carried out. The study was conducted in 2018–2019 on the territory of Ryazan. The material used for the study was cartographic data published in free access on the website www.yandex.ru traffic jams. The length of traffic flows with a speed of 5-10 km / h (heavy traffic conditions – TTU) was determined at different times of the day on days of the week. The indicators of the average hourly length of heavy transport conditions were calculated. Bypass roads of the city were characterized by a significantly greater length of sections with TTU compared to the city streets from Tuesday to Thursday and Sunday (p<0.05). The increased complication of traffic conditions during morning and evening rush hours led to an average annual increase in emissions of the main components of vehicle exhaust gases of 17.7% and 14.9% respectively, with the largest increase in emissions being typical for the city center. At the same time, the maximum complication of transport conditions on the bypass roads was observed in the summer and spring (from Monday to Wednesday and Sunday), while on city highways - on working days in the autumn and weekends in winter. On the city streets, the greatest length of heavy traffic conditions during the morning rush hour was observed in winter, and the shortest was in summer, while the evening rush hour, on the contrary, was most pronounced in autumn. On the bypass roads, there was a clear tendency towards heavier transport conditions over a longer period of the day according to the scheme winter–autumn–spring– summer.
В статье рассматривается возможность применения методов лихеноиндикации в оценке качества приземного слоя атмосферного воздуха рекреационных зон Рязани и граничащих с ней территорий сельхозугодий. Экспериментально изучена лихенобиота исследуемых территорий с целью выявления наиболее благоприятных (с точки зрения качества приземного слоя атмосферного воздуха) рекреационных зон. Применен метод пространственного градиентного анализа для изучения реакции лишайникового сообщества на концентрацию загрязняющих веществ в приземном слое атмосферного воздуха.
Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова, ул. Высоковольтная, 9, 390026, г. Рязань, Российская Федерация (1) Российский университет дружбы народов, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6, 117198, г. Москва, Российская Федерация (2) В статье приводятся результаты социологического исследования, направленно-го на изучение мнения 350 горожан, проживающих вблизи автомобильных дорог и внутри жилых кварталов, о роли автомобильного транспорта в формировании хи-мического и физического загрязнения атмосферного воздуха и его влияния на со-стояние качества жизни. Проживание вблизи автомобильных дорог с интенсивным движения является фактором риска снижения качества жизни горожан и ухудшения самооценки состояния здоровья.Ключевые слова: автомобильный транспорт, атмосферный воздух, качество жиз-ни, социологическое исследование. _____________________________________________________________________________ In the article there are results of social research on opinion poll of 350 citizens living near motor ways and inside residential blocks, the role of the motor transport in occurrence of chemical and physical pollution of the atmosphere and its effect on the life quality. Living near the motor ways with heavy traffic is a risk factor for decrease in the citizens' life quality and self-estimation of health status. INFLUENCE OF MOTOR TRANSPORT ON THE LIFE QUALITY OF CITIZENS LIVING AT DIFFERENT DISTANCE FROM MOTORWAYS
Aim. Evaluation of dynamics of emission of priority carcinogens by stationary sources in the regions of the Ryazan region in 2009 and 2016. Materials and Methods. For analysis, official statistical data about volumes of pollutants emitted by stationary sources into the atmospheric air, were used. The priority was determined by calculation of equivalent emission with taking into account the slope factor of carcinogenic potential in inhalation entry (SFi). The dynamics of emissions of carcinogens was evaluated by the growth rate. Results. The study showed that priority chemical carcinogens released into the atmospheric air of municipal units by stationary sources included: chromium (Cr) (VI), carbon (soot), benzol, petrol and formaldehyde. From 2009 to 2016 a 39.4% decline in the total equivalent emission of carcinogens was reported, especially of benzol, soot and formaldehyde which considerably changed the structure of emission – a significant increase in the share of Cr (VI) (up to 55.7%, 1.5-fold) and almost twice reduction in the share of benzol (to 23.3%). In the reported years more than 90% of the total equivalent emission of carcinogens in the Ryazan district were formed by stationary sources of Ryazan and Skopin towns, of Ryazan and Skopin districts. Conclusion. In most municipal units of the Ryazan district a reduction of the total equivalent emission was noted except in Aleksandro-Nevsky, Miloslavskoye, Pronsk, Zakharovo and Shilovo districts where emission increased. In Ryazan, against the background significant reduction of emission of soot and benzol by 81.7 and 69.4%, respectively, a 37.4% increase in the emission of formaldehyde into the atmosphere was recorded.
Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова, г. Рязань В статье приводятся результаты сравнительного анализа качества атмосферного воздуха в микрорайонах г. Рязани по данным аналитического контроля за содержанием в атмосферном воздухе оксида и диоксида азота, диоксида серы, оксида углерода, суммы углеводородов, свинца и его неорганических соединений, формальдегида и взвешенных веществ. Было проведено ранжирование микрорайонов города в зависимости от качества атмосферного воздуха. Установлено, что микрорайоны «городская роща» и «центр города» по размерам удельных выбросов, приведенных выбросов с учетом рефлекторного и резорбтивного действия и показателей категории опасности выбросов внутрирайонного автомобильного транспорта занимают соответственно первой и второе ранговые места. Ключевые слова: автомобильный транспорт, качество атмосферного воздуха.
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