Introduction. Macromycetes include mercury compounds in their metabolism processes. The method for assessing the contamination of the soil layer (topsoil) by mercury by estimating the mercury content in the mushrooms is accessible and sufficiently informative. Mercury is a persistent inorganic ecotoxicant, it enters the human body from the environment. This process requires constant monitoring of the content of this hazardous metal in the environment and the in biomaterials of the human organism. Material and methods. The object of the study was selected bracket macromycetes growing on open soil areas: lawns, boulevards, parks, squares, etc. There were studied representatives from the fungal families as follows: Agaricacea, Boletaceae, Russu-laceae, Coprinaceae. Mushrooms were collected in the stage of sporulation, in the spring-summer-autumn period from 2002 to 2017. The determination of mercury in fungi was performed by atomic absorption method on specialized mercury analyzers of the “Julia” series (detection limit of 1 ng/g, the error of the method is not more than 15%). Mercury content in hair was determined in 1153 St. Petersburg residents aged from 0 to 80 years using atomic emission and mass spectrometry methods with inductively coupled argon plasma on devices Elan 9000 (Perkin Elmer, USA) and Optima 2000 V (Perkin Elmer, USA). Results. The results of the analysis of mushrooms collected in 2017 on one of the green streets of the industrial district of Saint-Petersburg demonstrate a high degree of mercury contamination of the megapolis. Mushrooms (Cinereus comatus) were collected at three locations of Alameda, separated by approximately 100 m, and were analyzed for the content of mercury in them. The following values of mercury in mushrooms were got is a 0.61 mg/kg, 0.83 mg/kg and 0.35 mg/kg. The hair of 1153 inhabitants of St.-Petersburg has been analyzed for mercury content. The highest concentrations of mercury have been established to be set at working population aged 18-64 years. This fact can be explained by the professional activities associated with the contact with mercury and active way of life, particularly with greater frequency of the use in the diet of mushrooms and other products, being potential sources of mercury. Discussion. The performed studies show the mercury concentration to be not only generalized but also stable. The pollution of the territory of St. Petersburg is little different from the pollution of the territories of other cities, where the mercury content in mushrooms is also found to be high in comparison with the permissible level. Conclusion. The obtained data indicate a high stable contamination of the territory of St. Petersburg and its nearest suburbs with mercury. Mercury and its compounds in environmental objects (mushrooms) can present the real danger to the health of the population, therefore there is a need for non-invasive monitoring of the content of mercury in biomaterials of the human organism and environmental objects.
Introduction. Heavy metals have a serious toxic effect on the human body. The availability of adequate models for the elimination of toxicants and the testing of enterosorbents based on them will improve the quality of poisoning therapy. Material and methods. To assess the effectiveness of the sorbent, a formalized model based on data on the cumulative excretion of cadmium in urine and feces for 20 days was used. Intramuscular priming with cadmium acetate was carried out during the first three days of the experiment at a daily dose of 3 mg/ kg, the enterosorbent was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg during the study. The cadmium content in the biological media was determined by methods of inversion voltammetry. Results. During the experiment, no more than 3% of the injected toxicant was removed from the animals of both groups. The enterosorbent in the conditions of the experiment did not change the amount of cadmium excreted, but affected the redistribution between the renal and intestinal elimination streams. A significant effect of the enterosorbent on the cadmium content in the liver was noted. Limitations. Evaluation of the effect of the drug on the elimination of the toxicant was carried out for a limited period of time. Additional experiments with longer observation periods and other metals and their dosages would allow to reveal in more detail the beneficial properties of the studied drug. Conclusion. A significant effect of the enterosorbent on the cadmium content in the liver was noted. There may be a secondary intake of cadmium into the blood from the intestine and a negative effect of this process on kidneys.
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