Host susceptibility and environmental factors are important for the development of gingivitis and periodontitis, but bacterial biofilms attached to the teeth and gingival tissues play a crucial role. We have analyzed and compared the subgingival microbial communities between subjects with dental plaque biofilm-induced generalized chronic gingivitis (CG), localized initial (Stage I) periodontitis (IP) and healthy controls (HC) of young people aged 18–19 years permanently residing in the city of Kazan (Tatarstan, Russia). The results showed that the α-diversity in groups with CG and IP was higher than in the healthy group. In a course of periodontal disease, a decrease in the relative abundance of dominates genera Rothia and Streptococcus was observed along with increase of class TM7-3 (Candidatus Saccharibacteria phylum) representatives. Also, the increase of red complex representatives Porphyromonadeceae, Treponema and Tannerella was detected together with statistically significant increase of Filifactor, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Tissierelaceae and Mogibacteriaceae. Analysis of our data suggests that transition from HC to IP may be accompanied by a decrease in microbial diversity and a reduction in the abundance of family Rs-045 (Candidatus Saccharibacteria phylum), Desulfovibrionaceae Corynebacterium, Campylobacter and Selenomonas in young adults Kazan Tatars.
Relevance. Risk factors of local importance plays a crucial role in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases, but the profile of representation and the role of origin microbial markers continues to be refined, what explains the increasing interest by the metagenomic studies. Purpose. To compare the genomic composition of the microbiota of the periodontal sulcus and periodontal pocket by healthy patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases living on the territory of Kazan, the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and methods. The study included 25 young people (11 boys, 14 girls) aged 18-19 years, with inflammatory periodontal diseases (chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis (12 people), chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity (13 people)). The control group consisted of 11 donors without inflammatory periodontal disease.Results. In the present study structures of microbial communities of periodontal spaces has been analyzed with using the sequencing of fragments of bacterial 16s rRNA genes (regions V3 and V4). Results of the analysis allowed to get a real idea of its composition and to determine both known and previously undefined uncultivated phylotypes. Conclusions. It was shown that in the group of the patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases there were identified 183 phylotypes at the level of genus (Mogibacteriacea, TM7 3, Rs–045, Dethiosulfovibrionaceae) relating to 17 phyls (phylum), that is a synonym of type in taxonomy (taxon between Kingdom and class). By the patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity, it was not possible to reliably isolate the phylotypes present in increased amounts in relation to chronic catarrhal gingivitis; in relation to control – there was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of families Porphyromonadaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and the proportion of genera Dialister, Filifactor, Parvimonas, Tannerella, Treponema.
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