The article discusses one of the variants of overlap syndrome – a combination of symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Three clinical cases are described, in these cases characteristic signs of both diseases were noted and the criteria of both diseases were met. The genetic factors and immunopathogenetic mechanisms underlying AS and RA are analyzed. A review of the literature on the combination of AS and RA is presented.
The development of the modern world is manifested, inter alia, by an increase in the prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Treatment of these conditions is associated with the need to prescribe multicomponent therapy, which complicates the control of drug interactions, leads to a decrease in compliance and polypharmacy. A large number of drugs taken in a particular patient dictates the need to search for drugs, the appointment of which contributes to the control of several diseases at once, can be successfully used in patients with reduced renal function, in the presence of cardiovascular diseases. The presented description of a clinical case demonstrates an example of the use of a type 2 sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitor – dapagliflozin in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure and gout.
Alopecia areata (АA) is an autoimmune multifactorial disease characterized by increased hair loss as a result of morphological and functional changes in hair follicles. АA is divided into four main forms, among which the most severe is the universal form (UA), in which complete hair loss is possible throughout the body. Alopecia in the practice of a rheumatologist can occur with some systemic diseases of the connective tissue, with the use of high doses of chemotherapy drugs and, more recently, with the use of inhibitors of tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α). The article presents 3 clinical cases of the development of UA during therapy with TNF-α. Possible mechanisms are discussed, as well as the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of this condition.
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