It is known that when water are used for technological purposes, in circulating water supply systems of enterprises as a coolant during continuous heating and cooling, the formation of insoluble precipitates, most often calcium carbonates, occurs on the walls of heat exchangers, which leads to a large number of problems, even production can be stopped for cleaning equipment. To prevent the formation of salts, it is necessary to use precipitation inhibitors. Sodium polyacrylate was investigated as a precipitation inhibitor. The composition, morphology and IR spectra of calcium carbonate precipitate obtained in the absence and in the presence of sodium polyacrylate were studied. It was established that the effect of sodium polyacrylate on the mechanism of crystallization of carbonate sediment depends on the pH of the initial solution. The results of IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and images obtained by electron microscopy indicate the participation of polymer molecules in the formation of the crystalline structure of the carbonate precipitate.
The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium oleate on the structural-rheological properties of a dispersed hydrogel based on polyacrylic acid was studied. It was shown that the viscosity of hydrogel compositions with surfactants is higher than the viscosity of the individual components and increases with increasing temperature from 20 to 40 °C. Compositions with sodium oleate are non-Newton liquids and exhibit thixotropic properties.
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