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Water is the most important and essential component of earth's ecosystem playing a vital role in the proper functioning of flora and fauna. But, our water resources are contaminating continuously. The whole world may be in great water scarcity after few decades. Graphene, a single-atom thick carbon nanosheet, and graphene nanomaterials have bright future in water treatment technologies due to their extraordinary properties. Only few papers describe the use of these materials in water treatment by adsorption, filtration, and photodegradation methods. This article presents a critical evaluation of the contribution of graphene nanomaterials in water treatment. Attempts have been made to discuss the future perspectives of these materials in water treatment. Besides, the efforts are made to discuss the nanotoxicity and hazards of graphene-based materials. The suggestions are given to explore the full potential of these materials along with precautions of nanotoxicity and its hazards. It was concluded that the future of graphene-based materials is quite bright.

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An effective polyhydroquinone/graphene nanocomposite was developed to remove Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions in water. The composite nanomaterial was characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and thermo‐gravimetry. The surface of the material was heterogeneous with 10–20 nm particle size. The adsorption capacity of Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions were 40.9 and 24.8 μgg−1, respectively. The sorption followed Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and D−Rs models. The process of adsorption was successfully described by pseudo‐second‐order model, thereby indicating the chemical nature of the main adsorption mechanism. Thus, it can be argued that the adsorption proceeded in a mixed‐diffusion mode, with a significant contribution of a large number of high affinity active sites located on the adsorbent surface. The uptake time was 60 and 15 minutes for Cu(II) and Zn(II) at pH 6.0; indicating fast hydro‐friendly nature and making the method applicable to solve water pollution in real life problems. Therefore, the reported method may be used to remove Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions in any water resource.

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