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We studied the expression of some CC chemokines and their receptors in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, and a history of joint injury. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the levels mRNA for some angiogenic and proinflammatory chemokines (CCL5/RANTES, CCL11/eotaxin, CCL24/eotaxin-2, and CCL26/eotaxin-3) and their receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5) was elevated. mRNA expression correlated with activity, stage, and serological status of rheumatoid arthritis. Obtained data confirm the importance of CC chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis and inflammation in the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis.

Иммуногистохимическое определение экспрессии рецепторов к соматостатину 1, 2А, 3 и 5-го типов в нейроэндокринных опухолях различной локализации и степени злокачественности Актуальность. У пациентов с нейроэндокринными опухолями (НЭО) очень важно еще до начала лечения аналогами соматостатина прогнозировать его клинический эффект. Данных по иммуногистохимическому исследованию экспрессии рецепторов к соматостатину (ССР) разных типов, полученных на больших выборках НЭО различной локализации, функциональной активности и степени злокачественности, накоплено недостаточно, что и определило цель настоящего исследования. Материал и методы. Проводили иммуногистохимическое исследование с антителами к ССР 1, 2А, 3 и 5-го типов. Материалом исследования послужили тканевые образцы диагностических и операционных биопсий 399 НЭО: 168 поджелудочной железы, 120 желудочно-кишечного тракта (желудка -48, тонкой кишки -39, из которых опухолей двенадцатиперстной кишки -14, аппендикса -6, толстой и прямой кишки -15 и 12), 84 легких, 6 тимуса / средостения и 21 метастазов НЭО с неизвестной первичной локализацией. Результаты. Очень высокий уровень экспрессии ССР 2А, которые преимущественно связывают аналоги соматостатина, используемые сегодня в клинической практике, выявлен в НЭО Ключевые слова: рецепторы к соматостатину, нейроэндокринные опухоли, иммуногистохимия

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Stomach cancer (SC) (in the structure of morbidity) is one of the most frequent malignant diseases that occurs in the elderly. Systemic chemotherapy showed improved quality of life and survival rate compared with palliative therapy in patients with advanced SC. It has also been shown that elderly patients with SC are able to tolerate and receive effective systemic chemotherapy, as are the younger patients with the same stage of cancer. The only one age limit should not be the only criterion for excluding effective chemotherapy. However, proper patient selection is extremely important to ensure effective safe treatment. The article analyzes the optimal regimens of chemotherapy, taking into account the general condition and geriatric functional status of elderly patients with SC.

Chemokines are generally believed to play an important role in immunopathogenesis of different joint diseases. Synovial fluid is the primary bio-material, along with peripheral blood, for evaluation of patients with joint pathology (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, etc). However, analysis of synovial membranes is also of importance, since the main pathologic processes evolve at this site. Analysis of chemokines and their receptors in synovium may provide more complete information about immunopathogenesis of articular disease of different etiologies. We carried out optimization procedures for real-time reverse-transcription PCR analysis, in order to quantify specific mRNA expression of angiogenic and angiostatic chemokines and their receptors in synovium. All the stages, from sampling the biological material and until analysis of results are described in details. Normal ranges for mRNA expression rates are provided, as based on examination of subjects with previous traumatic joint injury, without any clinical signs of current systemic or local inflammation. We demonstrate that this method can be informative for comparing intra-articular expression of chemokines and their receptors between different clinical groups. It can also be used to investigate the role of chemokines in appropriate immunopathological events.

Context.—Tuberculosis of the joints and bones is a significant worldwide problem, often leading to joint and bone destruction. The diagnosis of this disease manifestation is difficult. Objective.—To assess the role of conventional diagnostics compared to polymerase chain reaction applied to samples obtained at arthroscopy. Design.—This was an open observational study that was blinded to the microbiologist, histopathologist, and molecular biologist responsible for assessing the main outcome measures. Patients.—Seven patients (8 samples) with joint and bone tuberculosis and 14 patients (16 samples) with nontuberculous joint and bone disease. Intervention.—Arthroscopic examination and tissue sample collection. Main Outcome Measures.—Mycobacterium tuberculosis staining, culture, and histopathologic assessment of caseating granulomas vs polymerase chain reaction. Results.—Polymerase chain reaction was positive in all cases of true tuberculosis and falsely identified 2 samples as positive, both however, in patients who had lung tuberculosis in the past. Conclusions.—Conventional bacteriological methods for demonstration of M tuberculosis are not very sensitive and can be time-consuming. Polymerase chain reaction of arthroscopically obtained joint tissue biopsies appears promising in the early diagnosis of tuberculous arthritis.