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The paper presents the results of experimental research on nanosecond high-pressure diffuse discharges in an inhomogeneous electric field with a time resolution of ∼100 ps. It is shown that decreasing the voltage pulse duration enhances the feasibility of the diffuse discharge with no additional ionization. In particular, with a narrow interelectrode gap, a diffuse discharge in atmospheric pressure air with preionization by runaway electrons, called a runaway-electron-preionized (REP) diffuse discharge (DD), was realized. It is found that most of the energy is deposited to the REP DD plasma once the voltage across the gap reaches its maximum. It is demonstrated that the REP DD holds promise for producing high-power VUV pulses. The radiation power attained with xenon at a wavelength of ∼172 nm is 8 MW. The treatment of an AlBe foil with an REP DD in atmospheric pressure air provides cleaning of its surface layer from carbon and penetration of oxygen atoms into the foil to a depth of 450 nm per 300 pulses.

Results of experimental studies of the amplitude–temporal characteristics of a runaway electron (RE) beam, as well as breakdown voltage and discharge current with a picosecond time resolution are presented. The maximum pressure, at which a RE beam is detectable, decreases with increasing the voltage rise time. The waveforms of the discharge and RE beam currents are synchronized with those of the voltage pulses. It is shown that the amplitude–temporal characteristics of the RE beam depend on the designs of the gas-filled diode and cathode, as well as the gap length. The mechanism for the generation of REs in atmospheric-pressure gases is analyzed on the basis of the obtained experimental data.

This paper reports on the properties of a supershort avalanche electron beam generated in the air or other gases under atmospheric pressure and gives the analysis of a generation mechanism of supershort avalanche electron beam, as well as methods of such electron beams registration. It is reported that in the air under the pressure of 1 atm, a supershort (<100 ps) avalanche electron beam is formed in the solid angle more than 2π steradian. The electron beam has been obtained behind a 45 µm thick Al-Be foil in SF6 and Xe under the pressure of 2 atm, and in He, under the pressure of about 15 atm. It is shown that in SF6 under the high pressure (>1 atm) duration (full width at half maximum) of supershort avalanche electron beam pulse is about 150 ps.