I. THE GENERAL APPROACH Some important applications of High Power Gas Flow and Chemical Lasers (HPGCL) are aimed to ground level operations. HPGCL are understood here as open cycle machines. It means that after the laser cavity their exhaust gases run out to the ambient atmosphere. Exhaust gas products after resonator cavity cannot be evacuated directly to atmosphere. The atmosphere pressure on the sea level exceeds the cavity pressure by 1 0 -20 times for CO2 gasdynamic lasers (GDL) and by 150 -200 times for chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (COIL). Combustion Driven CO2 GDL only can operate with-. . . . . . Pressure Recovery Systemout energy additions, using ordinary passive diffusers. However, and in these cases, the whole HPGCL system scale is determined, by the diffusers' dimensions. Meanwhile, the ground operation of High Power HF/DF-CL and COIL requires already "active" Pressure Recovery Systems (PRS): large-scale complexes, including diffusers and high-energy ejectors. Fig. 1 demonstrates a correlation between scales of the HF/DF-chemical laser and it pressure recovery system. Even without component supply subsystems (balloons, tanks, pipes, accessories, etc.) the scales are non-compared. For COIL the difference becomes more significant. Approximate estimates confirm also, that the ejecting gas flow rate of ejector stations may exceed the laser components' summary gas flow rate by many tens times [1].It changes seriously the general estimations the HPGCL effectiveness. There are some results of such calculations on Fig. 2. No doubt, that specific energetic effectiveness of the HF/DF-CL and COIL with and without the PRS components is to be very different.The HPGCL and PRS have to be considered as indivisible, strictly integrated systems. Their combined analysis, aimed to a search of optimal technical solutions, has to take into account many links and interactions, except ofthe additional expenditures ofenergy and components.The present papers contains a review of various technical concepts DF and schematic solutions aimed to practical uses for some real applications, Fig. 2 meanwhile, physical processes in the diffusers and supersonic ejectors of the HPGCL PRS are considered more precisely in the [2, 3]. II. DIFFUSERSIndependently on a pressure level into cavities, gas flows of all considered HPGCL are supersonic, therefore, the streams' kinetic energy may be applied for the PRS operation. However, this energy, is not enough for direct exhaust of the laser gases to ambient atmosphere. Hence, it is necessary providing of an energy addition to the stream with agency of ejector and compressor technologies. In spite of some known interest to supersonic mixing ejectors [4], all presented bellow data are related to traditional schemes.Characteristics ofthe supersonic laser gas mixture flows after DF and COIL cavities are given in [2]. Parameters of the laser flows are close enough, so, at least, from constructive point of view, diffusers for both types of the lasers have to be similar. A supersonic flow slowdown pr...

Highly concentrated ozone gas, of greater than 20%, was applied, for the first time, in order to obtain a stable wettable polyimide film surface. The water contact angle of the polyimide film surface decreased from 60 to nearly 20 after exposure to the highly concentrated ozone gas. The increase in the small water contact angle during storage in ambient air was very gradual, i.e., 5 for over one month. Scanning electron microscopy and the atomic force microscope showed that surface roughening simultaneously occurred. Since the X-ray photoelectron spectra showed an increase in oxygen concentration at the polyimide film surface, the highly concentrated ozone gas is considered to produce a wettable surface by the significant oxidation of the polyimide film chains on the surface.

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