Copper nanoparticle Cu (d = 55 ± 15 nm) and CuO nanoparticles (d = 90 ± 10 nm) were used in the studies (OOO Platina, Russia). Using the method of pure cultures, we extracted Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Enterobacterium from the intestines of broilers. Additionally, strains of Bacillus subtilis 10641 and Bifidobacterium were involved in probiotic strains. The data obtained in the course of the study testify to the insignificant biotoxicity of copper nanoparticles with respect to representatives of the genera Lactobacillus (30 to 15 μg/ml) and Bifidobacterium (30 μg/ml), with the most sensitive bacteria being the genus Lactobacillus, for which a concentration of 7.5 μg/ml was subinhibitory. The second stage was the study using method of agar wells. In the course of the experiment, we obtained results confirming the data of the research by the serial dilution method. In this case, as in the first case, the data indicate the insignificant biotoxicity of copper nanoparticles in relation to representatives of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. We have studied the bioaccumulating ability of microorganisms of the studied metals. In all the studies carried out, as in the first series of experiments, representatives of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium with the lowest bioaccumulative ability were the most sensitive to copper nanoparticles and were 3.1 and 8.2%, respectively. The use of nanoparticles as a component of the fodder additive in small concentrations does not adversely affect not only the probiotic strains, but also the main representatives of the normoflora (Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Enterobacterium) of the poultry, the positive effect of the copper nanoparticles being directly related to low level of dissociation of nanoparticles, since biologically active ions will be released much more slowly, thereby creating a prolonged effect of exposure.

For the purpose of safe modulation of the intestinal microflora, probiotics have been increasingly used in recent years. In the present work, the effect of the probiotic sporobacterin (Bacillus subtilis 534) (I group) and soybean-bifidum (Bifidobacterium longum) (II group) on male rats of the Wistar line was evaluated. In assessing nonspecific immunity in vitro, there was an increase in the level of baseline level in the first and second groups (by 8.3 and 12.2% more control). The influence of probiotic preparations on the intestinal normoflora was assessed using PCR. Bifidumbacterin increased the normal microflora, in particular, Escherichia coli 1.55 times, Lactobacillus 1.26 times, Enterococcus 1.3 times as much control; the level of conditionally pathogenic microflora, in particular, Proteus spp. decreased by 1.3 times in comparison with the control. Sporobacterin also contributed to an increase in the amount of E. coli (1.55 times) and Lactobacillus (0.9 times). When a culture of Bifidobacterium longum was introduced, a selective reduction in the loss of chemical elements was observed against the background of the diet used. At the end of the experiment, the content of calcium in the body tissues of animals of group II exceeded this indicator in group I by 3.9%, phosphorus by 17.6%, copper by 28.5%, and zinc by 15.2%. The totality of the results obtained by us indicates that inclusion of Bifidumbacterium longum in the diet of animals makes the use of this preparation in the correction of mineral imbalance and improves the microflora of the intestines of animals by reducing the number of representatives of opportunistic microflora against the background of an increase in the number of basic representatives of normal microbiocenosis. Also, the use of probiotic drugs as additives leads to a slight increase in the level of nonspecific immunity, which increases the natural resistance of the organism.

The problem using production waste rationally is a fundamental one for our country. Waste agro-industrial complex is characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, proteins and fat, which makes them indispensable when balancing rations. In this regard, the method is about obtaining fodder product on the basis of cellulose-containing wastes enriched with zeolite powder. The method is based on ultrasonic treatment of joint products (bran) and the mineral zeolite. The efficiency of the use of the product lies in poultry feeding.

Today, the bulk of the sun generated in the food and processing industry (about 70%) is supplied to agriculture unchanged, and more than 10% is not used at all. The volume of aircraft waste annually in Russia is about 3.0 million tons and the problem of their use requires serious attention, since the content of dry substances in them is about 5-10%, they are very unstable during storage, quickly sour, ferment, losing valuable components and polluting the environment. Storing them in this state is possible only for 2-3 days. Therefore, it is undoubtedly relevant and necessary to increase the degree and depth of processing of raw materials, the complexity of its use, more complete extraction of valuable components from it with the use of progressive environmentally friendly technologies. The studies were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Orenburg State University”. In the course of the work, laboratory studies were carried out to assess the effect of cavitation treatment of sunflower husks on the chemical properties. Based on the studies carried out, it can be noted that the most pronounced changes in the chemical composition of sunflower husks are observed at pH3. So after processing in an acidic environment, the content of crude fiber is 35-40%, while the digestibility increases to 53.6%. In an alkaline medium, these values were on average 5-10% lower than in an acidic medium. The depth of interaction of cavitation treatment of sunflower husks depends on the exposure time, temperature and ultrasound intensity. It is technologically expedient to carry out cavitation treatment with the following parameters: hydromolule 1:3, medium temperature from 40 to 60 °C, time 15-20 minutes, ultrasound intensity 0.3-0.35 kW.

Processing technologies using non-reactive influences appear to be the most profitable in terms of safety and ecological compatibility of end products including fodder for the agro-industrial complex. The usage of various physical influences allows significantly speeding up and facilitating technological processes including those achieving results that are not possible with other technologies. Based on the study of morphological and biochemical indicators of blood, it can be stated that the introduction of cavitationally processed sunflower sludge into the diet of birds together with zeolite powder leads to improving general blood indicators. All biochemical and morphological indicators were within the physiological norm. The results indicate that the cavitational processing of sunflower sludge with zeolite particles comprising feed mixes with an additional increase in the level of metabolizable energy leads to an increase in the content of macro- and microelements against the background of a significant reduction of elements-antagonists. The greatest changes were observed in the second experimental group, (a diet with a metabolizable energy content of 14.9 MJ/kg of dry matter (DM), which consists of 6 % of cavitationally processed sunflower sludge in the presence of zeolite in the amount of 4 %).