Background: The task of preserving and improving health of university students is a priority in modern Russia. The purpose of the study was to analyze the health status and to identify priority health risk factors of junior students of a medical university. Materials and methods: Health assessment was carried out with account for disease incidence (based on the journal of registration of student health records), lifestyle (results of a questionnaire-based survey), and physical development (medical examination results). The study involved 789 to 1,165 first to third-year medical university students. Results: We established an increase in the incidence of diseases with temporary disability in the surveyed students by 17.8 % in 2014–2017. The increase was more pronounced among the most common health disorders such as diseases of the respiratory, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems, injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes. The most prevalent behavioral risk factors included bad habits, lack of sleep and exercise. According to the results of a physical development study, 11.65 % of the boys and 10.93 % of the girls were overweight, 4.89 % of the boys and 3.68 % of the girls had classes I-III obesity while 29.03 % of the students were underweight. Bioelectrical impedance analysis showed a fat mass deficiency in 42.48 % and 33.29 % and an increased fat mass in 34.21 % and 43.20 % of the boy and girl students, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings will help determine directions for maintaining health of medical students.
In modern conditions, constant monitoring of the level of physical development is necessary, as this is the diagnostic key of the risk of developing diseases and taking prevention activities. The screening data of the physical development of 832 senior schoolstudents and first-year students at Pacific State Medical University (434 young men and 398 girls) aged 15–18 years were used. The assessment of physical development was carried out with anthropometric and functional traits. The individual level of physical development is determined using the method of sigmal deviations. Statistical processing of materials was carried out using the software STATISTICA 13 and Excel (Microsoft Office 2010). Testing the hypothesis for the normal distribution of quantitative traits in groups was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Kramer-von-Mises criteria and the Pearson χ² acceptance criterion. All the data arrays obeyed the normal distribution law. A statistically significant difference in the groups between the quantitative parameters under the condition of equality (homoscedasticity) of the variances was evaluated using the parametric Student’s t-test. The average values of the physical development of the youth of Vladivostok are established. Physiometric signs showed statistically significant differences between the mean values of the vital capacity of the lungs and the dynamometry of the right hand between young schoolboys and young male students, and the average values of the strength of the right arm of schoolgirls and female students. Most of the examined persons had a moderate physical development, but predominantly girls have a lack of body weight, and young male students are prone to obesity. Levels of life index and power indices below the norm are more than 50 % of respondents. The differences in statistical indicators are significant with a degree of significance of p < 0.05. The data obtained as a result of the research are necessary for the development of preventive programs to enhance the physical development and promote the health of the young generation.
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