The article presents an overview of expert Product examinations conducted by the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of Russian Federation over the period 2014–2018. The author considers investigations related to criminal, civil and arbitration cases and nonjudicial investigations carried out at the request of natural and legal persons. Practical recommendations are offered for practitioners dealing with evidence that qualifies for this type of forensic investigation. Casework examples cover a variety of Product groups: clothing and footwear, fabrics, vehicle spare parts and components, gems and non-precious stones, art and antiques, coins, equipment, and weapons. Algorithms are offered for typical tasks that may be completed in the course of a forensic Product investigation in order to establish the following facts: the possibility of placing an item in specified storage conditions; compliance (non-compliance) of actual storage conditions with standards and specifications; the degree of loss in quality and value of an item, taking into account its actual state or period of operation; the market value of equipment leasehold rights. The prospects for developing Product expertise in forensic institutions of the Russian Ministry of Justice are defined.
Collecting phaleristics is quite a common hobby in all countries. The cost of awards, medals, and other items of phaleristics is determined by their rarity, condition, manufacturing complexity, presence of precious metals and stones.Forensic research of phaleristics for estimation differs from their appraisal by collectors themselves, appraisers of antique trade organizations, pawnshops, and auctioneers in the legal significance of the costing for interested parties. It is conducted according to the methodology of forensic commodity research to determine the market value of objects of various product groups; besides, there is a need to establish authenticity for certain types of products.The article presents an algorithm for forensic appraisal of phaleristic objects. It is shown that state awards of the USSR, RSFSR, and the Russian Federation do not have market cost according to the current Russian legislation as they are removed from the civil circulation. For these items, only the cost of the precious metals used in their production can be established. This cost is determined according to the methodology approved by the Russian Ministry of Finance.
A new series 6xxx Al-Mg-Si alloy is developed with grade V-1381. The influence of the composition and modes of heat treatment on the mechanical and corrosion properties of sheets with a thickness of 1 and 3 mm manufactured at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials (VIAM) is investigated. The average properties of the sheets are as follows: the ultimate tensile strength is σ B = 410 MPa, the yield strength is σ 0.2 = 360 MPa, the elongation is δ = 11.5%, the fatigue crack growth rate is (dl/dN) = 0.59 mm/kcycle at ΔK = 18.6 MPa m 1/2 , the intergranular corrosion is IGC ≤ 0.15 mm, and the exfoliation corrosion (EXFC) is 4 points. It is found out that the sheets are structurally recrystallized, the main strengthening phase is the matrix-coherent β'(Mg 2 Si) phase evenly distributed with a high density across the volume of grains. Another observed process is the heterogeneous origin of the β′ phase on dislocations and dispersoids. The dispersoids observed in the tested specimens have various morphologies. The grain boundaries have emission-free zones 15-20 nm in width. The temperatures and heat values of phase transformations in ingots and sheets are determined, including the measurement of liquidus and solidus points. The sheet weldability is evaluated by automatic argon-arc welding, and critical strain rate V cr of the weld metal during crystallization is determined at which this metal is not covered with cracks. A laser welding mode has been developed to ensure optimal formation of the geometric parameters of the weld.
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